1. 4D Reservoir Management in the Oil Industry
Roger N. Anderson
Director, Energy Research Center
Columbia University

2. Tx Sh Ar BP/A Agip Hyd Ch Ex Mob Elf Ph 16 14 Earnings Growth 12 10 8
Earnings Performance of the International Oil Companies (Source: Bankers Trust, 1997) 16 14
Earnings Growth 12 Tx Sh 10 Ar
BP/A
Agip
Hyd Ch Ex 8
Mob
Elf Ph 6 2 4 6 8 10
Production Growth

3. Production and Reserves Growth for the International Oil Companies
(Source: Bankers Trust, 1997) II Tx I
Amoco Sh
Agip Ch
BP/A
Mob Ar
Hyd BP Ex
Elf Ph IV
III

4. Production Growth, Depletion and Reserves Life of International Oil Companies
(Source: Bankers Trust, 1998) Ph
BP/A Sh
Agip Tx Ch Ex
Amoco
Elf Ar
Mob
Uno

5. Market Drivers toward Mega-MergersEx BP
Ex/Mo
BP/A Ar Am Ph Un
Eni
Shell Tx
Chv
Fina
Con
Tot/F
Elf
Rep
Hyd

6. Blow-up of ROCE vs Market Cap

7. Optimal Business Plan
Business Goals
Present Business Plan

8. Generic E&P Portfolio

9. Low Risk
High Risk
High Risk
Low Risk

10. Turbidite Fields Discovered since 1965
Marlim
Chicontepec
Barracuda
Mars
Forties
Roncador
Albacora
Dalia
Benguela
Edop
Brae
Girassol
Hungo

12. Increased Productivity from 20 Case Studies: D baseline in 1986, 3D from 1986 to 1995, 4D since 1995 2D 3D 4D

13. Technology Value Creation
Shorten CYCLE Time
Apply ONLY Technologies that MAXIMIZE business performance
Offer New Perspectives on EXISTING Production Problems
Truly INTEGRATE Reservoir Management Technologies
Interact through new SPATIAL Technologies to allow new Perceptions

14. “Networked Forces” engaged in Anti-Submarine Warfare

15. Generic E&P Portfolio

17. Technical Suitability Matrix

18. Exploitation Strategy using 4D Seismic Monitoring combined with advanced Multilateral Completions to drain bypassed pay chamber
(source: Anderson, Scientific American, March, 1998)
Injected Gas breakthrough Downdip along Fault
Bright Spot Hydrocarbon Indicator
Secondary Gas Cap Forms
Bypassed Oil
Water Injection Downdip
Water “Finger” Breakthroughs
Bounding Water
Initial Seismic Impedance
New Multilateral
4D Difference

19. Wellbore
Reservoir Simulation Streaklines tracking flow of oil (orange) are compared with 4D Seismic Monitoring changes (blue = seismic dimming (water encroachment), red = brightening (gas out of solution), green and yellow = sustained high amplitudes (remaining pay).

20. Multi-Dimensional Efficient Frontier
3D Efficient Frontier Visualization

21. Earth Model of ST 295 Pay Reservoirs - Scene 2

24. Reservoir Regions built into MultiMesh MacroModel

25. “MultiMesh” MacroModel for Eclipse and VIP Simulation and Seismic Modeling.

26. Modeled vs Observed 4D Impedance
Pre-production Difference
Pre-production Difference
Gas Model 4D

27. Oil Flow Streaklines from Eclipse Simulation imbedded in observed 4D seismic change particles - Scene 4.
A-12
A-22

28. SeisRes integrates 4D seismic observations and modeling into reservoir characterization and simulation 1

29. Camera on Beachball particle tracks spillpoints - Scene 5.

30. 4D Seismic Difference particles implanted into Regions - Scene 6

32. Real Time Field Monitoring

35. Integrated Operations Optimization (IO2) Computational Architecture

36. Internet Traffic Monitoring

37. Conclusions
Increases in oil and gas recovery by using emerging 4D technologies must be managed in a rigorous business sense.
Far-field technologies are being introduced to manage portfolio, including the 4D technologies.
Adoption of many of these far-field technologies is inevitable.