1. Chapter 3 The Northern Colonies
AP US History
Michael Perreault
Gloucester High School

2. Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther challenges the Papacy beginning split within Christendom
Henry VIII brakes with Catholicism and creates the Church of England
Begins major struggle within Europe and its leaders to control religion of nations
Protestantism becomes the official religion of Great Britain under Elizabeth I

3. John Calvin John Calvin goes farther with concept of the Elect
Predestination All people who will ever live have already been judged
Calvinism Stress importance of Conversion Experience to prove you are one of the saved one must live like they are
Puritans followed the Calvinists ideals and that put them at odds with Church of England
Separatists challenged who can belong to the church causing friction with the crown

4. The Pilgrims 1608 Sepratist flee to Holland
1620 Fearing the “Dutchification” of their children the Pilgrims set sail for Virginia
Landing in Plymouth, sign the Mayflower Compact, an agreement to form a government and submit to the will of the majority

6. The Bay Colony: Bible Commonwealth
1629 Charles I dismisses Parliament and persecutes Puritans
1630 Puritans found Massachusetts Bay Colony
70,000 refugees leave England during the Great Migration (1630)
Puritans believed they had a calling from God to lead the new religious experiment
John Winthrop becomes governor
Colonists believed they had a covenant with God to build a holy society as a model for all humankind.

7. Building the Colony
Franchise (the vote) extended to all “freemen”-adult males who belonged to Puritan congregations
Unchurched men remained voteless
Bay Colony was not a democracy.
Believers and nonbelievers paid taxes for the government supported church
“Protestant ethic” commitment to both work and world pursuits
Simple pleasures

8. Natives Welcomes the Pilgrims then War
Wampanoag befriend settlers
1621 Massasoit signed treaty with Pilgrims, celebrate 1st Thanksgiving
1637 Pequot War lead to 40 years of uneasy peace
Puritan “praying towns” to Christianize the Native Americans
1675 Native Americans Intertribal unity leads to King Philips’s War

9. Trouble
Quakers flouted the authority of Puritan clergy, were persecuted
Anne Hutchinson carried the Puritan doctrine of predestination to a logical extreme known as antinomianism
Since people are saved through faith and grace they need not follow religious law
1638 put on trial, expelled set out for Rhode Island, later New York where she and family will be killed by Indians

10. The Rhode Island “Sewer”
1636 Roger Williams, with the aid of Indians, flees to Rhode island
Built a Baptist church in Rhode Island
Freedom for all religions
No oaths
Sheltered abused Quakers

11. RI cont. Manhood suffrage Freedom of opportunity
Settled by dissenters and exiles
Individualistic and independent
Most liberal of all the colonies

12. New England Spreads Out
1635 Hartford was founded
1638 New Haven
1639 Connecticut’s Fundamental Orders: constitution that established a regime democratically controlled by the “substantial” citizens
1676 Charles II separates New Hampshire from Mass making it a royal colony

13. Seeds of Colonial Unity
1643 New England Confederation: aim to defend against Native Americans
Bay Colony, Plymouth, New Haven and Conn.
In essence: the confederation was an exclusive Puritan Club
England’s attitude benign neglect

14. British Control
1660 Charles II restored, wanted more active/aggressive hand in colonial management
1662 Charles II gave Conn. sea-to-sea charter, legalizes the squatter settlements
Granted Rhode Island a new charter sanctioning religious tolerance
1684 Bay Colony charter was revoked by the London
1686 Creates Dominion of New England
1688 Includes New York and East and West Jersey

15. Andros Promotes the First American Revolution
Navigation Laws attempted to stitch England’s overseas possessions more tightly to the English crown
Sir Edmund Andros headed the Dominion (Not popular)
Glorious Revolution: Protestant s William and Mary II overthrow Catholic James II
Dominion collapses, Andros shipped off to England
1691 Mass made a royal colony

16. Colonial Resistance Many colonists struck against royal authority
rocked New York and Maryland
New rulers inaugurated the period known as Salutary Neglect
Aspects of Charles II’s effort to assert tighter administrative control remained

17. The New Netherlands
16th Century Netherlands rebelled against Catholic Spain
17th Century Dutch golden age with expanding naval and commercial powers
Dutch East India Company became powerful
1609 Henry Hudson enter Delaware Bay, New York Bay and Hudson River
New Netherlands planted in the Hudson River area by the Dutch West India Company

18. New Amsterdam Purchase Manhattan Island from the Indians
New Amsterdam (NYC) was a company town run by and for the Dutch company
Investors had no interest in democracy
The colony became strongly aristocratic
Patroonships, feudal estates were built
Cosmopolitan population

19. Friction with the Neighbors
Settlers on Manhattan built a stout wall
People from Conn. ejected the Hollanders
Swedes encroach on Dutch claims planning New Sweden on the Delaware River
1655 Dutch send a military expedition led by Peter Stuyvesant
New Sweden fades away

20. Dutch Residues in New York
1664 England seizes New Netherlands from the Dutch
Charles II grants his brother the Duke of York New Amsterdam
Peter Stuyvesant forced to surrender
England gains the harbor and the Hudson River
England controls territory from Maine to the Carolinas
New York retains autocratic spirit with aristocracy wielding disproportionate power
Discourages settlement by European immigrants

21. Penn’s Holy Experiment
Quakers English dissenters, refused to support the Church of England
Congregated without paid clergy
“Spoke up” in meetings when moved
Kept hats on in face of their “betters”
Took no oaths/refused military service
1660 William Penn attracted to Quaker faith
Penn’s thoughts turn to the New World to experiment with liberal governance and money

22. Pennsylvania 1681 secured land from the King
Pennsylvania (Penn’s Woodland)
Penn was the most able advertizer
Liberal land policy attracted heavy flow of immigrants
Dutch, Swedish, English, and Welsh
Philadelphia, a planned city
Treats indians fairly

23. Pennsylvania’s Success
Basic Democracy
No tax supported church
Passage of “Blue Laws” prohibiting “ungodly revelers” (behavior)
1700 third in population and wealth (Mass/Virginia)

24. Jersey and Delaware
1664 New Jersey created by two noble propritors with land grants from the Duke of York
1674 Quakers bought West New Jersey and later East
1703 Delaware granted its own assembly

25. Pennsylvania and the Neighbors
Noted features of the colony:
No provision for a military defense;
No restrictions on immigration;
Quakers developed a strong dislike of slavery;
Made some progress toward social reform;
Contained rich ethnic groups;
Afforded economic opportunity, civil liberty, and religious freedom.

26. Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania
Fertile soil-became the “bread colonies”
Rivers Susquehanna in Delaware and Hudson For New York, vital for trade
Industries flourished
Commerce and seaports prompted growth of NYC and Philadelphia

27. Middle in more than just Geography
Land plots larger than New England smaller than plantations of the South
Local governance: Fewer independent towns than NE more than the South
More Ethnicities
Religious toleration
Desirable land easier to acquire
Hands off policy from GB