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Muslim Empires p
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I. Ottoman Empire A. Ottoman Turks take over Byzantine Empire (mid 1200’s). Ruled E. Europe to N. Africa to Arabia B. Good army 1. Janissaries: Christian boys of conquered towns converted & trained into soldiers 2. Gunpowder weapons, esp. Cannons
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C Mehmed II conquered Constantinople & changed name to Istanbul. Hagia Sophia converted to mosque D. Later sultan conquered Syria , Egypt, Mecca & Medina
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E. Suleyman I “The Magnificent” control E.Mediterranean into Europe
F. Cultural peak
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G. Government Sultan issued laws (based on Shariah & Sultan’s decisions) H. Society Judges & advisers Other People loyal to sultan Christians & Jews Muslim form comm. (Millets) Ottoman customs
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I. Women’s freedom limited
lived separate in harem out of public life J. Some rights: own property or business
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II. Safavid Empire B. Conflict with Ottomans C. Shia vs. Sunni
A. Persian Muslims from East B. Conflict with Ottomans C. Shia vs. Sunni
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D. 150l Esma’il conquered Persia and took title of Shah (or king)
1. official religion (on threat of death) 2. Battled Uzbeks 3. Defeated by Ottomans
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E. Shah ‘Abbas 1. modern gunpowder weapons 2. trained conquered boys as warriors defeated Uzbeks 3. contributed to culture & economy
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F. Culture & Economy 1. blended Persian & Muslim traditions 2. built mosques in Esfahan (capital) 3. encouraged traditional products trade brought wealth
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III. Mughal Empire A. Turkish Muslims from Central Asia
B. Babur (tiger) 1. grew empire 2. conquered 3. religious tolerance a. eliminated tax on non-Muslims. b. Included Hindus in government
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C. 1600’s new emperor not tolerant
1. destroyed Hindu temples 2. persecuted non-Muslims 3. sent war elephants to crush protesting Sikhs 4. brought about violent revolts
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D. Cultural Development: blended
building structures E. Taj Mahal – built by Shah Jahan in for wife’s tomb
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