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Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air
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Plants are energy producers
Like animals, plants need energy to live unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY animals are consumers plants are producers
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How do plants make energy & food?
Plants use the energy from the sun to make ATP energy to make sugars glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars
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Building plants from sunlight & air
Photosynthesis 2 separate processes ENERGY building reactions collect sun energy use it to make ATP SUGAR building reactions take the ATP energy collect CO2 from air & H2O from ground use all to build sugars ATP H2O + CO2 sugars carbon dioxide CO2 water H2O sugars C6H12O6 +
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Using light & air to grow plants
Photosynthesis using sun’s energy to make ATP using CO2 & water to make sugar in chloroplasts allows plants to grow makes a waste product oxygen (O2) (ATP) = used to build the sugar → glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water + 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2 sun energy → +
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What do plants need to grow?
The “factory” for making energy & sugars chloroplast Fuels sunlight carbon dioxide water The Helpers enzymes Make ATP! Make sugar! I can do it all… And no one even notices! sun CO2 ATP sugars enzymes H2O
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Photosynthesis ADP ATP ENERGY building reactions
sun Photosynthesis ENERGY building reactions ADP ATP SUGAR building reactions used immediately to synthesize sugars H2O sugar CO2
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Chloroplasts are only in plants
animal cells plant cells
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Chloroplasts absorb sunlight & CO2 Leaf Leaves CO2
Chloroplasts in cell Chloroplast Chloroplast Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll make ENERGY & SUGAR
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So what does a plant need?
Bring In light CO2 H2O Let Out O2 Move Around sugars leaves shoot roots 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2 light energy → +
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Leaf Structure vascular bundle (vein) xylem (water) phloem (sugar)
cuticle epidermis palisades layer spongy layer epidermis stomate guard cells cuticle
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Transpiration xylem (water) stomate guard cells CO2 in O2 out
H2O CO2 stomate guard cells CO2 in O2 out water out so it gets to leaves from roots O2 H2O CO2
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Transpiration Water evaporates from the stomates in the leaves
pulls water up from roots water molecules stick to each other more water is pulled up tree from ground
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Function of Leaf Structures
Cuticle waxy coating reduces water loss Epidermis skin protecting leaf tissues Palisades layer high concentration of chloroplasts collecting sun’s energy photosynthesis making ATP & sugars Spongy layer air spaces gas exchange CO2 in for sugar production, remove waste O2
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Stomates & Guard Cells guard cell stomate Function of stomates
CO2 in O2 out H2O out gets to leaves for photosynthesis Function of guard cells open & close stomates guard cell stomate
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Guard cells & Homeostasis
keeping the internal environment of the plant balanced Stomates open let CO2 in needed to make sugar let H2O out so it gets to leaves let O2 out get rid of waste product Stomates close if too much H2O evaporating
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Xylem carry water up from roots
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Phloem: food-conducting cells
carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed new leaves fruit & seeds roots
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glucose + oxygen → carbon + water + energy
How are they connected? Respiration glucose + oxygen → carbon + water + energy dioxide C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP → + Photosynthesis So, in effect, photosynthesis is respiration run backwards powered by light. Cellular Respiration oxidize C6H12O6 → CO2 & produce H2O fall of electrons downhill to O2 exergonic Photosynthesis reduce CO2 → C6H12O6 & produce O2 boost electrons uphill by splitting H2O endergonic 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2 light energy → + → glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun + water +
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The Great Circle of Life!
sun Energy cycle Photosynthesis plants H2O CO2 glucose sugars O2 animals, plants Cellular Respiration ATP The Great Circle of Life! Mufasa?
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Another view… ATP Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun H2O CO2 O2
capture light energy Photosynthesis synthesis producers, autotrophs H2O CO2 organic molecules food O2 waste waste waste consumers, heterotrophs digestion Cellular Respiration ATP release chemical energy
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The poetic perspective
All of the solid material of every plant was built out of thin air All of the solid material of every animal was built from plant material sun air Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants… are really strands of air woven together by sunlight!
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Got the energy… Ask Questions!!
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Ghosts of Lectures Past (storage)
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Putting it all together
Making a living… sunlight leaves = solar collectors photosynthesis gases: CO2 in & O2 out stomates = gases in & out H2O roots take in water from soil pulled up by leaf evaporation nutrients roots take in from soil
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