1. Hormones and Behaviour

2. Hormones and Behaviour
Endocrine vs Exocrine

3. Hormones and Behaviour
The Endocrine Glands (Invertebrates)
Neurosecretory cells
Corpora cardiaca
Gonads
Prothoracic gland
Corpora allata

4. Hormones and Behaviour
The Endocrine Glands

5. Hormones and Behaviour
Tobacco Hornworm

6. Hormones and Behaviour
Tobacco Hornworm - Moulting
Ventromedial
neurons (Brain) EH
ETH
(Eclosion Triggering
Hormone)
Pre-Moult
Behaviour
Stimulates
Inka cells on
trachea
Falling
ecdysone
Surge in
EH/ETH
Ecdysis
behaviour
Segmental
Glands
CCAP
(Crustacean
cardioactive
peptide)
CNS
Peripheral NS
Change in circulation
And air swallowing

7. Hormones and Behaviour
Hypothalamopituitary system

8. Endocrine Glands - What do they do
Hormone
Effect
Pineal
Melatonin
Annual reproductive cycle
Posterior Pituitary
Oxytocin, vasopressin
Milk ejection, birth, water balance
Anterior pituitary
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Corpora lutea formation
Progesterone secretion
Androgen secretion
Follicle stumulating hormone
Follice development
Ovulation (with LH and estrogen.)
Spermatogenesis
Prolactin
Milk secretion
Parental behaviour (birds)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)
Regulates adrenal glands
Intermediate pituitary
Melanophore stimulating hormone
Colour change
Adrenals(cortex)
Steroids
Water balance, metabolic rate, electrolyte balance, blood sugar, stress reaction
Adrenals (medulla)
Adrenaline, noradrenaline
Blood sugar, stress reaction
Pancreas
Insulin
Blood sugar
Testes
Androgens
Testis development, sexual activity, spematogenesis
Ovaries
Estrogens
Uterine growth, mammary gland development, sexual activity
Progesterones
gestation

9. Hormones and Behaviour
1. Surgical Studies
Anolis Lizards

10. Hormones and Behaviour
1. Surgical Studies
Anolis Lizards
Castration
Androgens
replaced
Mean number of displays/min
Time

11. Hormones and Behaviour
2. Correlational Studies
Song Sparrows

12. Hormones and Behaviour
2. Correlational Studies
Song Sparrows
Plasma Testosterone level
Territory
Pair formation
Egg-laying
Egg-laying
Brood 1
Brood 2
F M A M J J A S

13. Hormones and Behaviour
How Effect is Brought About
Generally
Stimulus
CNS
Hormone secreting cells
Behaviour

14. Hormones and Behaviour
Modes of Action
1. Modifier of Behaviour
-biting behaviour of mosquitos
Female needs blood
to develop ovaries
Feeds
Blood meal
Inhibits
Ovaries produce ecdysone
Ovarian development begins

15. Hormones and Behaviour
Modes of Action
2. Releaser of Behaviour
Among invertebrates - Moth - eclosion hormone (EH)
Turns on sequence of
behaviour
EH produced in brain & corpora cardiaca
Among vertebrates - general scheme
Pituitary
Nervous system
(Hypothalamus)
Stimuli
Endocrine gland
Behaviour

16. Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones
Influence on releasers
e.g. secondary sexual characteristics - sexual swelling in female baboons

17. Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones
2. Influence on receptors
e.g. sensitivity of brood patch

18. Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones
3. Activation of neuron groups
e.g. eclosion behaviour of moths - activated by nerves on specific segments

19. Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones
4. Effects on brain structure
e.g. Ventral hyperstriation in female canaries

20. Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones
5. Hormone release controlled by behaviour
Red Deer - roaring by males influences estrous

21. Hormones and Behaviour
Effects of Hormones
5. Hormone release controlled by behaviour
Red Deer - roaring by males influences estrous
Exposed to vasectomized and roaring male
Cumulative
% calving
Exposed to tape of roaring male
Isolated females
Date

22. Reproductive behaviour of the Ring Dove
Male
Female
Photoperiod increases
Female present
Testosterone increases
Activate hypothalamus
Male courtship
Pituitary
Egg
growth
FSH
Gonadal estrogens
Nest building & copulation
Nest building & copulation
Progesterone (testis)
Pituitary LH
Inhibits testosterone action
Ovulation
Block courtship & aggression
Pituitary prolactin
Prolactin production
Egg incubation
progesterone
Stimulates more prolactin
Crop milk
drop in prolactin
Squab feeding
drop in prolactin

23. Egg laying in Aplysia

24. Egg laying in Aplysia When ready to lay eggs Stops moving and eating
Increase in heart and respiration rate
Muscles on reproductive tract contract
Eggs appear - egg string
Grabs string in upper lip
Waves head in stereotyped fashion
Pulls string and coats with mucous
Attach to rock

25. Egg laying in Aplysia

26. Egg laying in Aplysia Fixed Action Patterns When ready to lay eggs
Stops moving and eating
Increase in heart and respiration rate
Muscles on reproductive tract contract
Eggs appear - egg string
Grabs string in upper lip
Fixed
Action
Patterns
Waves head in stereotyped fashion
Pulls string and coats with mucous
Attach to rock

27. Egg laying in Aplysia Genes/nerves hormones
ELH (egg laying hormone) gene
Produces one large protein
(codes for 271 amino acids)
Protein broken down to
ELH
a - bag factor
b -bag factor
Also involved - peptide A and peptide B

28. Egg laying in Aplysia Peptide A and Peptide B
Release a - bag factor and b - bag factor
Stimulate bag cells
(clusters of neurons)
Release ELH
Excitatory (a) and
Inhibitory (b) effects
Hormone
-increases contraction rate of reproductive tract muscles
? Probably coordinate
firings for FAP’s
Increases firing rate of abdominal ganglion

29. Hormones and Mating
Crews (‘84, 87)
Gonadal
Activity
Associated
Dissociated
Constant
Time

30. Hormones and Mating
Associated

31. Hormones and Mating
Disassociated
Thamnophilis sirtalis parietalis

32. Hormones and Mating
Disassociated
Thamnophilis sirtalis parietalis
Males emerge early spring
Females emerge over next 1-3 weeks
Females mate with males waiting at nest entrance
Males mature gonads
weeks later & store sperm
Females mature gonads
immediately to produce eggs

33. Hormones and Mating
Crews (‘84, 87)
Constant
Taeniopygia guttata castanotis

34. Taeniopygia guttata castanotis
Hormones and Mating
Crews (‘84, 87)
Constant
Taeniopygia guttata castanotis
0.60
0.40
0.20
LH Level
(ng/ml)
Dry Water Humidity Grass Water/Humid Water/Grass Humid./Grass Water/Humid./Grass