1. Life Cycle of a Nuclear Physics Experimentby
Douglas W. Higinbotham

2. What was that mysterious PAC thing?!
( The Jefferson Lab Program Advisory Committee )
We learn the results of this years PAC at high noon today!

3. Nuclear Physics Experiments
Idea (questions)
Proposal (writing & collaboration building)
PAC Defense (Typically only 1/3 of proposals pass this point)
Jeopardy after several years (i.e. defend again)
Funding (no money, no experiment)
Construction
Readiness Review (for major experiments)
Running
Analysis (generates Ph.D.’s in nuclear physics)
Publication (new questions)
Repeat As Needed

4. Quasi-Elastic Electron Scatteringp e'
scattering plane
pq
reaction plane
(,q) e
pA–1 x
“out-of-plane” angle
Energy transfer:  = e – e’
Four-momentum transfer: Q2  – qq  = q2 – 2
Missing momentum: pm = q – p = pA–1

5. Nuclear Fermi Momenta
E. Moniz, I. Sick, R. Whitney, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 26 (1971) 445.
Fitted with Fermi Gas Model and nice got the shape of Quasi-Elastic peak.
NOTE: Missing low omega, high omega, and needs a normalization factor.

6. Moniz became US Secretary of Energy and is also known for his amazing hair.

7. A Classic Problem: A(e,e’p) Scattering Rates
Independent-Particle Shell-Model
is based upon the assumption that
each nucleon moves independently
in an average potential (mean field)
induced by the surrounding nucleons
The (e,e'p) data for knockout rate is 60 – 70% of the mean field prediction.
SPECTROSCOPIC STRENGTH
Target Mass

8. Possible Answer: Short-Range Correlations
2N-SRC
  5o
1.7fermi
o = 0.17 GeV/fermi3
Nucleons
Nucleon are made up of Quarks, does NOT violate Pauli exclusion principle!

9. Propose Custom (e,e’pN) Measurement
To study nucleon pairs at close proximity and their contributions to the large momentum tail of nucleons in nuclei.
A pair with “large” relative
momentum between the nucleons
and small center of mass momentum
Approved by the 2001 Program Advisory Committee

10. Kinematics
and
Neutron Detector

11. Jefferson Lab's Hall A setup for (e,e’p)

12. Jefferson Lab’s Hall A

13. Design The New Equipment

14. BigBite Dipole Magnet

15. Making BigBite & Neutron Detector
JLab buys NIKHEF BigBite Magnet
Tel Aviv - Auxiliary Plane
Glasgow - Trigger Plane
UVa MRI - Scattering Chamber
Kent State –Neutron Detectors

16. New Proton & Neutron Detector

17. Take Data & Analysis, Analysis, Analysis
Three Ph.D. Students
Several Years Of Work
Use the detectors to “see” passage of particles through matter.
Determining Physics Quantities
Comparing with Theory

18. High pm (e,e’p) events have recoiling neutrons.
R. Subedi et al., Science 320 (2008) 1476.

19. Publications Science Article Physical Review Letter Ph.D. Theses
Physics Today
CERN Courier
While explaining your work to others is the last step,
in many ways it is the most important!

20. Modern AV18 and Urbana-X Results
R. Wiringa, R. Schiavilla, S. Pieper, and J. Carlson, Phys. Rev. C89 (2014)

21. Next Generation SRC Experiment With 3H and 3He
E : Measurement of the ratio of 3He(e,e’p) to 3H(e,e’p) vs. missing moment.
3He has two protons and 3H has one, so even kids can figure that one out...
( this was one of many tritium target experiments, the first from 2006 )

22. First Beam On JLab Tritium Target Cell
On Friday the 15th of December 2017, Hall A put first beam on a tritium target cell.
The face of a graduate student when they finally put beam on their physics target.

23. The preliminary result from 2018.

24. Paper is now been submitted for publication

25. Who Cares?!

26. Kathy McCormick Cares
Homeland Security

27. Gordon Cates cares
MRI Imaging The Lungs

28. Tancredi Botto Cares
Schumburger Oil Exploration

29. Hampton Proton Therapy
Cynthia Keppel Cares
Hampton Proton Therapy

30. James Simons Cares 52th Person on Forbes Billionaires Club 2018
Renaissance Technologies,
Renaissance Technologies

31. James Maxwell Cares
Movie Consulting: Ghostbusters

32. And, of course, Ernest Moniz Cares!