1. Create a Venn diagram as Shown
Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic Cells

2. Decode the Vocabulary Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
“Karyose” is a Greek word meaning kernel, or seed, like the pit of a peach.
The “kernel” of the cell is the nucleus.
“Pro” means before
“Eu” means true
Prokaryotic = before nucleus
Eukaryotic= true nucleus

3. Visual Comparison

4. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
1/10 the size of a eukaroyote cell
No true nucleus
Single-celled
No membrane bound organelles
Divide using binary fission
10x bigger than prokaryote
True Nucleus
Multicellular
Membrane bound organelles
Divide via mitosis
BOTH: DNA, RIBOSOMES, CYTOPLASM

5. We can classify it as PLANT or ANIMAL
If a cell is EUKARYOTIC
We can classify it as PLANT or ANIMAL

6. By the end of class, I will be able to…
Identify the structure and function of cell organelles.
Describe the function and role of the cell membrane during active and passive transport.
Describe the structure and composition of the cell membrane.
Analyze the similarities and differences between passive and active transport.

7. Cell Organelle Posters
Each group will be assigned a different organelle. Your poster must include the following:
A picture of the organelle
If its in a plant or animal cell
The Function
The macromolecule associated with that organelle
Think about its function if your unsure
THIS IS A GRADED ASSIGNMENT.

8. Cell organelles

9. II. Nucleus
Structure:
DEFINITION: large organelle in the center of the cell that controls everything that happens in the cell…the “brain” of the cell
FUNCTION:
-Stores all genetic material (DNA)
-Involved in duplication of DNA during cellular division (MITOSIS)
Macromolecule:
Nucleic Acids

10. Nucleus

11. V. Nucleolus
DEFINITION: small, dense structure in the nucleus that creates rRNA.
FUNCTION:
Creates ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
rRNA is very important in making ribosomes
Ribosomes are involved in making proteins
Macromolecule
Nucleic Acid

12. Nucleolus

13. VI. Cytoplasm MACROMOLECULE:
DEFINITION: all material in the cell except for the nucleus.
A gooey liquid that fills the cell and acts as support
All organelles except nucleus
FUNCTION:
It supports the cell…kind of like bubble wrap or packing peanuts protect a package.
MACROMOLECULE:
PROTEIN

14. Cytoplasm

15. I. Ribosome Macromolecule
Definition: a small, dense organelle made mostly from rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
Placement in cell: attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytoplasmic liquid.
Function:
Make proteins from coded instructions from the DNA.
Macromolecule
Protein

16. Ribosome

17. II. Smooth/ Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
Definition: a system of folded tube-like structures attached to the nucleus.
2 Types:
Smooth- Does not contain Ribosomes.
Rough- Does contain Ribosomes.
Function:
Folds proteins
Transports proteins
Assembles lipids for the cell membrane
Site of Ribosomes
Macromolecule
Proteins and Lipids

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

19. III. Golgi Apparatus:
Definition: a system of folded tube-like structures NOT attached to the nucleus.
Function:
Modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell.
Macromolecule:
Proteins and lipids

20. Golgi Apparatus

21. IV. Mitochondria: Structure:
Definition: organelles that covert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use.
Function:
Creates the ATP (chemical energy) that most of the cell uses.
Macromolecule:
Carbohydrated

22. Mitochondria:

23. Lysosomes
Structure
Definition: small organelles within the cytoplasm that are filled with enzymes
Function: Break down…
food into small particles that can be used by the rest of the cell
organelles that are no longer needed and other waste in the cell.
Macromolecule
Protein

25. Vacuoles Structure Definition: fluid-filled sac
Small in animal cells
Large in plant cells
Function: Used to store materials needed by the cell like water, food and enzymes
Supports heavy structures like leaves and flowers in plants
Macromolecule:
Carbohydrates and Proteins

26. Vacuole in a Plant Cell

27. Microfilaments Structure:
Definition: A network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. The cytoskeleton is also involved in movement.
Function:
Gives the cell shape.
Helps some cells move.
Macromolecule
Protein

28. Organelles found ONLY in Plants:
Cell Walls
Chloroplasts

29. Cell Wall Definition: A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane
Function: To provide support and protection for the cell
The cell walls of multiple cells can attach to one another to support the organism
Cell walls are made of different materials depending on the organism
Macromolecule
Protein and Carbohydrates

30. Cell wall

31. Chloroplast Structure:
Definition: Capture the energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy.
Function: Use energy from the sunlight to make food for the cell through the process of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll gives plants their green color
Like mitochondria because it provides energy
Macromolecule:
Carbohydrates

32. Chloroplast

33. VII. Cellular membrane Structure:
DEFINITION: thin, flexible layer that surrounds the cell’s cytoplasm.
FUNCTION:
Controls what goes into and out of the cell
Protection
Macromolecule:
Proteins and Lipids

34. Cellular Membrane

35. Catalyst: What is the function of the cell membrane?
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
We will learn the structure and function of the cell membrane.
Catalyst: What is the function of the cell membrane?
James Weldon Johnson Biology I

36. By the end of class, I will be able to…
Describe the function and role of the cell membrane during active and passive transport.
Describe the structure and composition of the cell membrane.
Analyze the similarities and differences between passive and active transport.

37. The Cell Membrane

38. What are the parts of the Cell Membrane?
Double layer of phospholipids and embedded molecules which allow for selective permeability
only some things can pass through

39. What is a phospholipid? Hydrophillic Head (I <3 water)
Hydrophobic Tails
(I H8 water)

40. Retro QUESTION! Which macromolecule makes up the cell membrane? Why?
Which organelle makes that macromolecule for the cell membrane?
YOU MAY NEED YOUR NOTES.

41. Selectively Permeable
If a membrane is selectively permeable only certain things can pass through

42. Passive Transport
Passive
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated
Diffusion

43. We will learn the structure and function of the cell membrane.
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
We will learn the structure and function of the cell membrane.
What is diffusion?
Molecules are always moving.
Molecules want to be evenly spaced out (most of the time, they aren’t)
When the amount of molecules is greater in one part of a substance, molecules will spread out until they are evenly spaced.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Diffusion requires NO outside energy (like a sled moving downhill)

44. Diffusion Activity
diffusion

45. Which side is high concentration? Which side is low concentration?
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
We will learn the structure and function of the cell membrane.
Which side is high concentration? Which side is low concentration?

46. Which direction are the molecules moving (in diffusion)?
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
We will learn the structure and function of the cell membrane.
Which direction are the molecules moving (in diffusion)?

47. Which direction are the molecules moving (in diffusion)?
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
We will learn the structure and function of the cell membrane.
Which direction are the molecules moving (in diffusion)?

48. Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion that is helped by proteins in the membrane

49. Facillitated Diffusion

50. OSMOSIS
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

51. What does that look like???
osmosis

52. Active Transport: Opening a Door
ATP
ATP

53. Which side is high concentration? Which side is low concentration?
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
We will learn the structure and function of the cell membrane.
Which side is high concentration? Which side is low concentration?

54. Which direction are the molecules moving (in active transport)?
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
We will learn the structure and function of the cell membrane.
Which direction are the molecules moving (in active transport)?

55. Which direction are the molecules moving (in active transport)?
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
We will learn the structure and function of the cell membrane.
Which direction are the molecules moving (in active transport)?
ATP!

56. Types of Solutions

57. What happens when your cells take in TOO MUCH water?
HYPOtonic Solutions may result in LYSIS
Lysis: When the cell membrane bursts from too much pressure
Think of a water balloon with too much water.

58. Why doesn’t the plant cell undergo lysis?

59. Explain what is happening in this cartoon…