1. HOW THEY DO IT! A.Purpose of reproduction 1.Replace the parents with 2 or more of the species 2.# of babies depends on the ability of the species to make it to sexual maturity www.saburchill.com/chapters/chap0037.html http://www.dartmouth.edu/~burkl e/Laura%20Burkle%20- %20Research.html http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/wadingbird_wcas/ http://www.jburroughs.org/scien ce/resources/flower/flowertitle.h tml www.wetwebmedia.com/snailidfaq3.htm

2. B.Types of Reproduction 1.Asexual a.Does not mix up the genes b.Offspring are identical to the parent c.Susceptible to being wiped out anemone splitting (1:38) budding (2:47) www.geol.umd.edu/.../eltsite/lectures/sex.html http://www.unitedstreaming.com

3. 2.Sexual a.Provides for genetic variation b.Involves ½ the genes from 1 parent & ½ the genes from the other 3.Differences in nature a.Some fish change sexes b.Some creatures are hermaphrodites (have both sex organs) sea slug reproduction (1:49)sea slug reproduction (1:49) c.Sometimes the gender of the offspring is determined by the environment crocodile eggs<70° male >70° female www.csulb.edu/depts/endo / http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/ento/pasture_crop_pests/broad_snail.htm:sectID=214&tempID=1

4. 4.Gametes sex cells egg (ovum)sperm Each of these has ½ of the genetic material 5.2 ways to have sexual reproduction a.external fertilization 1)needs water! http://www.morning-earth.org/Graphic-E/Cycle-index.html http://www.bookrags.com/Ovum research.unc.edu/endeavors/spr2005/sperm.php

5. 2)Clams, urchins, abalone – millions of eggs & sperm are released a)No parental care (p.c.) b)Slim chances of survival courses.uvi.edu/BIO/141/Urchin.htm Coral Reef Spawning 2:33

6. 3)Fish (generalizations – there are exceptions!) a)Millions of sperm are deposited near hundreds of eggs b)No p.c. c)Better chances of survival http://www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us/region1/salmon/chilkat.cfm Link to stickleback mating

7. 4)Frogs (generalizations – there are exceptions!) a)Male mounts the females and releases sperm as the eggs are released. b)No or very little p.c. c)Better chances of survival www.dailycal.org/article.php?id=16489 Link to video

8. b.Internal fertilization – on land 1)No water – need a penis 2)Egg is fertilized in the female 3)Increased chance of survival 4)Parent selection 5)Reptiles (generalizations – there are exceptions!) a)Lay eggs – can go anywhere water is in the eggs b)Little p.c. c)Great chances of survival http://www.worldbook.com/wb/Students?content_spotlight/reptiles/live_reproduction

9. 6)Birds (generalizations – there are exceptions!) a)Lay eggs female sits with eggs b)Shell around the water bag c)Food (yolk) allows for longer development d)High p.c. e)Really great survival www.speysideorganics.com/OrganicFarming.htm depts.washington.edu/ubna/recreation.htm

10. 7)Mammals (generalizations – there are exceptions!) a)Water bag inside mother Better protection Baby is with female @ all times Temp. regulation Better feeding b)Long p.c. c)Fewer offspring to provide for d)really great survival! http://www.britannica.com/ebc/art/print?id=57413&articleTypeId=0 www.dhss.mo.gov/Nutrition_Pregnancy/ www.innovations-report.com/.../report-32662.html