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Chapter 9 Language Development
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Language Definition(s) Rule Systems Infinite Generativity Phonology
Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics
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Language in Infancy Babbling and Other Vocalizations Gestures
Recognizing Language Sounds
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Language in Infancy First Words Two-Word Utterances --vocabulary spurt
--overextension and underextension Two-Word Utterances --telegraphic speech
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Recent Research in Language Acquisition
Adoptee Study --children adopted from foreign countries --examined whether language acquisition was different for children with more mature brains --provided some answers to question: is a child’s improvement in language ability due to a maturing brain or due to the acquisition of words Adult Immigrant Studies --compared second language fluency of adult immigrants to those of child immigrants --suggests/provides more evidence for critical periods in language acquisition
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Language in Early Childhood
Understanding Phonology and Morphology Changes in Syntax and Semantics --fast mapping Advances in Pragmatics Early Literacy
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Question of Feral Children
Includes isolated or abandoned children Used as evidence for “critical periods” in language development (blooming and pruning?) Much of data is questionable/conflicting Reason for abandonment/isolation not known (mentally deficient at birth?) Progress depends heavily on whether there was any speech prior to abandonment/isolation, and at what age they reentered society More recent studies still suggest critical periods, unsure of why or how that works
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Language in Middle and Late Childhood
Vocabulary and Grammar --Metalinguistic Awareness Reading --Phonics Approach --Whole-language Approach Writing Bilinguilism and Second Language Learning
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Influences on Language Development and Acquisition
Biological Evolution Environmental Child-directed Speech Recasting Expanding Labeling Interaction
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Study Guide Definitions Language Reading Writing
Changes through Infancy and Childhood Reading Early to Late Childhood Classroom Approaches Writing Bilingualism/Second Languages Theories of Language Development How Parents can Help with Language Development Other Topics Adoptee/Immigrant Language Studies Feral Children Video
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