1. Starling curves demonstrating varying pressure/volume relationships in patients with normal cardiac function, mild cardiac disease, and severe cardiac disease.
Starling curves demonstrating varying pressure/volume relationships in patients with normal cardiac function, mild cardiac disease, and severe cardiac disease. Examples of different scenarios: A→B, Development of mild cardiac dysfunction. B→C, Increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in someone with mild cardiac dysfunction. C→B, Diuresis with associated decreased stroke volume with mild cardiac dysfunction. B→F, “Excessive diuresis” D→E, Negative limb of starling curve with severe cardiac dysfunction. There is debate as to whether the negative limb exists and is compatible with life.
Mark J. Sarnak CJASN 2014;9:
©2014 by American Society of Nephrology