1. Two Intellectual Trends of the 1700’s
The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment

2. Causes Concern over Enlightenment rationalism
Concern that people were being led astray from piety toward materialism
Frontier areas which contained the “unchurched”
Religious stagnation
Clerical intellectualism

3. Charateristics Jonathan Edwards Massachusetts intellectual
Delivered famous sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

4. Characteristics George Whitefield English entertainer and preacher
Toured the colonies giving sermons
Portable pulpit 

5. Characteristics
Emotional style sermons with passionate appeals to repent
“New Lights” emphasized open spirit over a disciplined mind
Rejected predestination and taught about EARNING salvation
Spread throughout the colonies, cutting across economic, social, racial lines

6. Southern Evangelist

7. Characteristics Camp meetings were held in more rural areas
People often experienced emotionally wrenching “conversion experiences”
Most New Light preachers were copycats of Whitefield or Edwards

8. Camp Meeting

9. Effects
Splintering of protestant denominations: Congregationalists and Presbyterians
Rapid growth of Baptists, Methodists
Weakening of established churches
Brought in new members to Protestant churches
Prompted missionary efforts among native Americans and African Americans

10. Effects
Created opposition to royal colonial officials who supported the Anglican church
Democratic spirit in religion that rejected an “elect group” and an overly intellectual clergy
The first “unifying” experience in the American colonies

11. Effects Creation of New Light colleges Princeton 1746- Presbyterians
Brown Baptist
Rutgers Dutch Reformed
King’s College (Columbia) Anglican
Dartmouth Congregationalist

12. College of New Jersey (Princeton)

13. Trend 2: The Enlightenment
Intellectual revolution that emphasized
Science over religion
Reason over faith
Doubt of traditional authority
Belief in unlimited possibility of progress

14. New Ideas from the Enlightenment
Enlightened Despotism
Humanitarianism
Atheism
Deism

15. 2 American Deists

16. Adam Smith Father of “laissez-faire” capitalism
Natural laws of supply and demand

17. The Wealth of Nations

18. Baron de Montesquieu Wrote a book called The Spirit of the Laws
Separation of powers
Checks and balances

19. Jean Jacques Rousseau Wrote The Social Contract
Advocated the rule of the majority
Criticized immorality and corruption of modern society

20. John Locke 2nd Treatise on Government
Advocated natural rights of life liberty and property
Advocated the right to revolt when govt. fails to protect those rights

21. Voltaire
Advocated religious freedom and wrote many works criticizing intolerance in religion
Advocated freedom of speech: “I may disagree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”