1. Slide 1
Structure of
Plants

2. A. Functions of Roots _________________________plant in the ground
Slide 2
A. Functions of Roots
_________________________plant in the ground
Absorb water & minerals
Root cap: _______ the root tip; drills for water
Fibrous Roots
Root Hairs

3. B. Root Types
Slide 3
Tap Root
1. Fibrous Roots: branching roots hold soil in place to _______________
Ex. Grasses
2. Tap Roots –larger central root reaches _______________
sources underground
Ex. Trees, Carrots, & Dandelions

4. A. Functions of Stems _________ system for plant body
Slide 5
_________ system for plant body
______________ system carries water & nutrients
Holds leaves & branches upright
Looking at the picture to the left:
What years had the most rain?
What years experienced the worst drought?
Each light and dark tree ring equals one year of annual growth. Light rings for fast spring growth, dark for slow summer growth.
Smaller rings tell of past droughts that have occurred.

5. A. Functions of Leaves Main ________________ organ
Slide # 6
Main ________________ organ
Broad, flat surface increases surface area for light absorption
Have systems to prevent water loss
__________ open in day but close at night or when hot to conserve water; regulated by guard cells
waxy __________ on surface
System of gas exchange
Allow CO2 in and O2 out of leaf
Elephant Ear Plant

6. B. Leaf Structures Leaf Cross-Section
Slide # 7
Leaf Cross-Section
Cuticle: ______________; covers upper surface
___________ leaf against water loss
Veins: ____________ water, nutrients and food
Made of xylem (transports water) and phloem (transports sugar)
Cambium: makes new xylem and phloem
Mesophyll: contains cells that _____________________
b/c they contain Chloroplasts.
Cuticle
Veins
Mesophyll
Stoma
(Opening)
2 Guard Cells
Surround
each
Stoma
Stoma- singular
Stomata-plural

7. cells that _____ _________ the stoma
More Plant Parts…
Slide # 8
Guard cells:
cells that _____ _________ the stoma
Stomata: _______ in leaf’s surface; when open:
GAS EXCHANGE: Allows CO2 in & O2 out of leaf
TRANSPIRATION: Allows excess H2O ________________
Guard Cells
Stoma

8. Function of Stomata
Slide # 9
What process involves using CO2 and H2O releasing O2 as a waste product?
_____________________
What is the plant using this process to make?
______________________
If the plant needs water for photosynthesis, why is water coming out of the stoma?
Guard Cells
Guard Cells
What goes out? O2
H2O
CO2
What goes in?
Stoma Open
Stoma Closed
Stoma

9. Function of Guard Cells
Slide # 10
These stomata (leaf openings) naturally allow water to evaporate out.
Why would the plant close stomata with guard cells?
Prevent __________ water loss through transpiration. (conserve water)
So what is the point of having stomata?
Allow ________________ for photosynthesis
Guard Cells
Guard Cells
Stoma Open
Stoma Closed
Guard cells open by inflating with extra water. They do this by pumping K+ ions into the cell, which causes water to rush in via osmosis to diffuse the high ion concentration.

10. C. Plants find a use for Transpiration
Slide # 11
______________: loss
of excess water from plant leaves
2. Significance:
Transpiration causes enough pressure to help pull water (& required nutrients) up stem from roots.
As part of the ____________, trees transpire water back into the atmosphere.
Transpiration provides much of the daily rain in rainforest. A B
A average size maple tree can transpire 200 liters of water per hour during the summer.
Transpiration is the #1 driving force for pulling water up stems from roots.

11. Structure of a Flower 1.Pistil:_____________ reproductive structure
Slide # 12
Filament
Anther
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Pistil
Petal
Sepal
Ovule
Stamen
1.Pistil:_____________ reproductive structure
Stigma: ___________; traps pollen
Style: _____________; transports pollen from stigma to ovary
Ovary: contains ovules; ovary develops into fruit
Ovule: contains ________cell which develops into a seed when fertilized

12. Structure of a Flower Stamen: ___________ reproductive structure
Slide # 13
Filament
Anther
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Pistil
Petal
Sepal
Ovule
Stamen
Stamen: ___________ reproductive structure
Filament: thin stalk; _________________
Anther: knob-like structure; produces _____________
Pollen: contains microscopic cells that become _________________

13.  Structure of a Flower
Slide # 14
Filament
Anther
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Pistil
Petal
Sepal
Ovule
Stamen
Sepals: encloses & ____________________before it blooms
Petals: usually colorful & scented ________________________________

14. Cross Pollination How does pollination happen?
Slide # 15
Cross Pollination
How does pollination happen?
Pollen from an _________ is caught by the __________, travels through style to the ovules in the ovary.
What is the result of pollination?
A ________: An ovary containing seeds.

15. Plant Responses and Adaptations
Slide # 16
Chapter 25
Plant
Responses
and
Adaptations

16. Hormone Action on Plants
Hormone-producing
cells
Hormone Action on Plants
Slide #17
A. Plant cells can produce ____________: which are chemical messengers that travel throughout the plant causing other cells called _______ cells to respond.
B. In plants, hormones control:
Plant growth & _________________
Plant responses to _________________
Movement
of hormone
Target
cells
Cells in one blooming flower signals other blooms using hormones to open.

17. C. Plant cells will send signals to one another to tell them:
Slide # 18
C. Plant cells will send signals to one another to tell them:
When trees to drop their ________.
When to start new ___________.
When to cause fruit to __________.
When to cause flowers to _______.
When to cause seeds to ________.
Leaf Drop
Tree Budding
Fruit
Ripening
Cactus
Blooming
Sprouting
Corn Seeds

18. D. Ethylene causes Fruit to Ripen
Slide # 19
D. Ethylene causes Fruit to Ripen
Fruit tissues release a small amount of _______________
Causes fruits to _________.
As fruit become ripe, they produce more and more ___________, accelerating the ripening process.
Ethylene released by apples and tomatoes causes fruit to age quickly.

19. Slide # 20
Plant Tropisms
1. _____________: the way a plant grows in response to stimuli in the environment.
Phototropism: growth response to _________
-Plants bend towards light
b. Geotropism: growth response to __________
-plant roots grow down with gravity, shoots (stems) grow up against gravity and out of the soil.
c. Thigmotropism: growth response to _________
-vines grow up around trees, venus flytrap closes when leaves are touched

20. Thigmotropism Phototropism Thigmotropism
Slide # 21
What type of tropism is shown in these pictures?
Phototropism
Geotropism
Thigmotropism
Phototropism
Geotropism
Thigmotropism