2. NON-BURROWING MITES

3. The mite lives in the superficial layers of the skin and on the surface of the skin
NON-BURROWING MITES

4. Cheyletiellosis *** “walking dandruff”
Affects dogs, cats, rabbits, humans
Feed on dead skin cells
Eggs deposited on hair shafts
Highly contagious among animals
Direct contact and fomites
They are most commonly seen on the back and upper part of the body. Pruritus or itching may occur to a variable degree.
The life cycle is of approximately three weeks

5. Cheyletiellosis *** Clinical Signs Severity of pruritis varies
Dry scales along back => entire body
Patchy hair loss from scratching
ZOONOTIC
Doesn’t last long on humans though
Most dogs contract "walking dandruff" from other pets at animal shelters, breeders and groomers or other areas where numerous dogs have contact with one another

6. Cheyletiellosis *** Dx: Rx:
Collect scales with clear tape, flea comb, skin scraping and ID with microscope
Rx:
Weekly baths with flea control products containing pyrethrins or permethrin and/or lime sulfur dip
Clean bedding if patient came in contact with it. If treated, prognosis is good.

7. Warbles (Cuterebra)

8. Warbles (Cuterebra) Botfly
Usually seen in young puppies, kittens, and rabbits.
Botfly

9. Warbles (Cuterebra) ***
Adult fly lays eggs => larvae penetrates skin of animals=>matures=> leaves animal to become an adult fly
Dx: swelling of skin behind ears with opening – can see larvae
Fly lays eggs in soil or on animal, Eggs mature into larvae that penetrate the skin. They cause a fistula or opening that allows them to breath while maturing into an adult.

10. Warbles (cuterebra) Tx: open fistula and remove larvae
Flush wound (betadine, Nolvasan)
Oral antibiotics for skin infection
Client Info: keep animals in fly-free environment
When removing them, do not crush or tear larva because it could release a larval protein that could cause an allergic reaction.
After removal, the wound will slowly go away.

11. Maggots
Disease of neglect. Often long haired animals left outside.

12. Many types of flies
Flies deposit eggs on wet, warm , damaged skin of animals. These eggs hatch into larvae known as maggots.
They eat dead skin

13. Myiasis ***
Many spp. of flies lay eggs on wet, warm, damaged skin => larvae are maggots
Dx: visually seen under matted hair with foul odor
Rx: Clip hair
Flush wound, clean daily
Antibiotics
Keep indoors to prevent re-infection
Client info
Disease of neglect
More common in heavy coated animals in summer
Do not use dips to remove maggots
Highly destructive, producing punched-out areas in the skin.
Need to remove the maggots.
Feed on dead skin
NO DIPS, COULD BE TOXIC FOR WOUNDS

14. Lice

15. Dog Lice (Linognathus setosus)
Spend all their lives on a host.
Another disease of neglect.

16. Dog Lice Host specific disease of neglect
Dx: lice cause intense itching
Blood suckers => anemia if heavy infestation
Presence of lice or nits or eggs diagnostic Rx
Treat all animals in house with dip, shampoo or dust
Topical insecticides used for fleas and ticks are adequate
Wash bedding thoroughly
Ivermectin orally (extra-label use)
Client Info
Humans don’t get lice from pets
Direct contact with other dogs with lice or in the environment.

17. WE ARE ALL CONNECTED
“I am, because we are.”

18. Dermatophytosis
Ring worm

19. Dermatophytosis *** Superficial cutaneous infection
3 primary dermatophytes
Microsporum canis
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Microsporum gypseum
Cat: 90% M. canis; Dog: all 3
Fungal infection
The fungus produces enzymes that result in hypertrophy of the surrounding epidermis (outer layer of skin).
Trichophyton mentagrophytes: Horses, guinea pigs, rabbits – does not show on woods lamp

20. Dermatophytosis Transmission Direct contact
Contact with infected hair and scale through fomites
Spores small and easily aerosolized
Fleas
Infected hairs – infective for up to 18 months
Incubation period 1-3 weeks
More common in moist, warm environments

21. Dermatophytosis *** Central area of hyperpigmentation Clinical Signs
Hair loss, scaling and crusting
+/- pruritus
Central area of hyperpigmentation
Areas will be red, raised, and crusty. Lesions mainly on head and face.
Hyperpigmentation: patches of skin become darker in color.

22. Dermatophytosis Dx: Wood’s Lamp Examination Quick and easy screen
50% of M. canis fluoresce, rest do not
Differentiate from scale, dust, dirt
Lamp must warm up for 5 minutes prior to exam.

23. Wood’s lamp

24. Dermatophytosis Tx Dx Fungal culture (DTM) – most accurate diagnosis
1. place plucked hairs on the surface of the medium
2. Label with date, and client/patient ID
3. Place in a warm, dark area
4. Check for color change from yellow to red in 1-3 weeks
5. Confirm with microscopic exam Tx
3 elements to effective treatment:
Topical – reduces contamination on hair coat
Systemic- reduces healing time
Environmental-decreases contamination and spread
Cover needs to be lose so dermatophyte can grow.
Could use lyme dips.
Environment: Vacuum, clean surfaces with chlorohex/bleach.
Shows up in 7-10 days

25. Microsporum canis

26. Trichophyton mentagrophytes

27. Microsporum gypseum

28. Dermatophyte Test Media (DTM)

29. Dermatophytosis – Treatment
Clip haircoat, particularly long hairs
Topicals
Whole body shampoos, dips, rinses twice weekly
Lime-sulfur dips
Miconazole containing shampoos

30. Dermatophytosis-Treatment
Oral systemic tx
Griseofulvin
Adverse effects (Vomiting/diarrhea, anorexia, bone marrow suppression, neurologic signs)
Ketoconazole
Potential liver toxicity
Itraconazole
Less Side effects
Tx till resolution of signs and 2 negative cultures
These are all antifungals.

31. Dermatophytosis – Treatment **
Environment
Remove or discard all bedding, brushes, fabric toys, etc
Cheap vacuum to clean with, then discard
Clean all surfaces; use bleach
Vacuum daily
Disinfect weekly
Catteries – strict isolation

32. Dermatophytosis – Zoonosis
At risk populations: children, immune suppressed adults, older adults
Cats can be carriers w/o clinical signs

33. Ringworm (human)