1. LINSEED A SOURCE OF OMEGA 3

2. Linseed Linseed and Flax are the same species 15,000 years of production Fibre - linen Seed - animal feed - oil (paints, glues, varnishes, linoleum)

3. Linseed – a source of omega 3 n- 3 % total FA Spring grass60 Algae60 Typical Maize/Soybean diet5 Linseed55 Fish30 Rapeseed9 Soyabean8 Sunflower1 Maize1

4. Linseed – a source of omega 3 for the human diet Simple Traditional Natural Sustainable Low cost

5. The Problem 60% of fat intake from animal products (meat, milk, eggs) Animal products have changed because animal feeds have changed Feeding less forage, more cereals & soya (high n6, low n3) So animal products higher n6, lower n3 So human diet higher n6, lower n3

6. A simple solution Correct the imbalance in animal feeds Include 5% LINSEED (best available, natural source) Increases n3 and improves n6:n3 ratio in milk, meat, eggs Increases n3 and improves n6:n3 ratio in our diet and changes human lipid profile accordingly System now established in France

7. Linseed – a source of omega 3

9. Theoretical effect on human fat intake Control products FA g/dayC16:0C18:1 n-6 n-3 Milk fat3334%20%2,2%0,4% Pork fat1223%44%12,5%1,3% Egg fat323%42%20,8%1,4% Poultry322%41%18,9%1,6% Total (g/d) 5115,314,43,40,4 n-6 / n-3 ratio = 8,5

10. Theoretical effect on human fat intake Linseed Products C16:0C18:1 n-6 n-3 Milk fat3326% 3,0%1,1% Pork fat1222%42%12%3,3% Egg fat321%39%18,1%8,2% Poultry318%39%16,6%6,4% Total (g/d) 5112,416,03,51,2 n-6 / n-3 ratio = 2,9 versus 8,5

11. Actual effect on human fat intake Protocol Measurements - On the products: Hedonic tests and sensory analyses, lipid profiles of products - On the volunteers: 7 blood samples: Lipid profiles of serum and red corpuscles

12. Results Products - More n3 (ALA, EPA, DHA) - More conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) - n6:n3 ratio reduced (54% in butter, 60% in meat, 86% in eggs) Total diet - More ALA (1.65g vs 0.75g/day) - More EPA/DHA - n6:n3 ratio reduced (7 vs 15) People - In plasma ALA increased (0.93% vs 0.44%) and increased EPA/DHA/CLA - In red corpuscles increased EPA & DHA

13. Sensory Characteristics Numerous taste tests carried out (triangular tests, preference tests, sensory analysis) Eggs and butter from linseed fed animals are preferred Meats are preferred and - have more flavour - are more tender - are more juicy

14. Confirmed in Scientific Studies Feeding linseed to animals produces milk, meat, eggs high in n3 (ALA, EPA, DHA) Eating these animal products - increases our intake of n3 (ALA, EPA, DHA) - improves the n6:n3 ratio of our diet - improves our blood lipid profile The foods taste better!

15. Commercial System Developed and fine-tuned in France Selected high ALA linseed varieties Patented cooking process 1.6 million tonnes of linseed feed Numerous food products - many under BBC logo - also own brands (Monoprix/Carrefour)

16. Linseed – a source of omega 3 for the human diet Simple Traditional Natural Sustainable Low cost

17. In Addition…. Commercially proven in neighbouring country Opportunity for added-value supply chains Improved health and well-being of livestock Improved sensory characteristics for consumers Improved health without changing diet Marvellous marketing opportunity!