Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Lecture 5 Classification of Nematodes on the basis of Phytoparasitism

Published byAlec Chessher Modified over 10 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Lecture 5 Classification of Nematodes on the basis of Phytoparasitism"— Presentation transcript:

1 Lecture 5 Classification of Nematodes on the basis of Phytoparasitism
4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

2 Habitat Majority (90%) of PPNs attack roots or other below ground plant parts such as tubers, rhizomes, suckers, bulbs etc. Ectoparasites 60% Endoparasites 30% Only a few forms (10%) attack above ground parts such as leaves, stems, buds, inflorescence etc. Ectoparasites 2% Endoparasites 8% 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

3 Parasites of below ground part parts
Parasite of below ground plant parts Ectoparasites Migratory Sedentary Semi-endoparasites Endoparsites 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

4 Ectoparasites Spend entire life cycle in soil, all life cycle stages, including eggs in soil Only stylet is inserted into roots, body remains outside A vast majority of ectoparasites feed on root hairs and epidermal cells Not considered very damaging, except for some groups 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

5 Ectoparasites Migratory (Vagrant ectoparsites)
Feed at a particular site very briefly and then move to another site Remain vermiform, eggs scattered in soil Examples Awl nematode, Dolichodorus Sting nematode, Belonolaimus Dagger nematode, Xiphinema Needle nematode, Longidorus Stubby root nematode, Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

6 Ectoparasites Sedentary (Sessile) ectoparasites
Feed at a site for long period Very sluggish in movement Have coarse striation or annulations on cuticle Criconematid group having small bodies and long stylets relative to their body fall in this category May secrete an adhesive plug to fix the stylet into the root Examples Sheath nematode, Hemicycliophora arenaria Sessile nematode, Cacopaurus pestis 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

7 Semi-endoparsites The anterior portion of the body is embedded into the plant tissues Migratory semi-endoparasites Remain vermiform Do not establish a permanent feeding site in plant tissues Rarely the entire body may be inside the plant tissues Examples Spiral nematode, Helicotylenchus Lance nematode, Hoplolaimus Stunt or Stylet nematode, Tylenchorhynchus group 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

8 Semi-endoparasites Sedentary semi-endoparasites
Establish a permanent feeding site inside plant tissues Do not move after infection Eggs are deposited in masses around the body of females; fecundity is more - about eggs per female The posterior part of females outside the root becomes swollen to varying degrees Citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

9 Sedentary Semi-endoparasites
Examples Reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis Citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

10 Endoparasites Migratory endoparasites
All stages (except egg) can cause infection, and are present in soil initially Complete the entire life cycle in side plant tissues Feeding, migration, growth, reproduction, and oviposition take place in plant tissues Biological activities confined to cortex only; eggs are laid scattered, fecundity around 25 eggs per female Do not induce any special feeding area Any stage can leave the roots and come out into the soil due crop senescence of tissue destruction Lesion or Meadow nematode, Pratylenchus Rice root nematode, Hirschmanniella Burrowing nematode, Radopholus 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

11 Migratory Endoparasites
4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

12 Endoparasites Sedentary endoparasites
Evolutionary most advanced and most damaging among all PPNs Only a particular stage (J2) of life cycle infective Induce special feeding areas, involving vascular tissues Females become swollen to varying degrees after infection and do not move Eggs laid in masses either inside the female body or outside in an eggmass Fecundity is high ( eggs per female) Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne Cyst nematode, Heterodera, Globodera 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

13 Sedentary Endoparasites
4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

14 Parasites of above ground plant parts
Specially adapted to feed on leaves, stems, buds, inflorescence etc. May feed ecto- or endoparasitically Do not produce any special feeding area Can crawl up the plant in a thin film of water Eggs are deposited in plant tissues Usually undergo anhydrobiosis at crop maturity or under moisture stress; a particular stage of life cycle only undergoes quiescence Can remain dormant for varying periods, revive upon availability of moisture 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

15 Anhydrobiosis 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

16 Parasites of above ground plant parts
Gall forming Wheat seed gall nematode, Anguina tritici Leaf gall nematode, Anguina balsamophila Non-gall forming Stem nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, D. angustus Foliar nematode, Aphelenchoides fragariae, A. ritzemabosi Associates of insects Pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Red ring nematode, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

17 4/2/2017 Walia CCSHAU

Download ppt "Lecture 5 Classification of Nematodes on the basis of Phytoparasitism"

Similar presentations

ENDOPARASITES ECTOPARASITES Root-knot Root-lesion nematodes nematodes

ENDOPARASITES ECTOPARASITES Root-knot Root-lesion nematodes nematodes
Nematode Damage Rarely, does a single nematode pose a threat to a plant. (exceptions - virus vectors and sting nematodes) Damage to plant parts results.

Nematode Damage Rarely, does a single nematode pose a threat to a plant. (exceptions - virus vectors and sting nematodes) Damage to plant parts results.
SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.
Horticulture Science Lesson 8 Understanding Stem Anatomy

Horticulture Science Lesson 8 Understanding Stem Anatomy
NEM 204 REVIEW OF INTRODUCTORY NEMATOLOGY. CROP ESTI-ACRESFARM $$ LOSS MATEDVALUE % LOSS FIELD CROPS 61,091,1662,791,345,185307,047,970 FRUITS & NUTS.

NEM 204 REVIEW OF INTRODUCTORY NEMATOLOGY. CROP ESTI-ACRESFARM $$ LOSS MATEDVALUE % LOSS FIELD CROPS 61,091,1662,791,345,185307,047,970 FRUITS & NUTS.
Tylenchida Superfamily Criconematoidea Family Criconematidae (Criconemoides, Criconema) Family Tylenchulidae Superfamily Tylenchoidea Family Tylenchidae.

Tylenchida Superfamily Criconematoidea Family Criconematidae (Criconemoides, Criconema) Family Tylenchulidae Superfamily Tylenchoidea Family Tylenchidae.
Nematodes in Grapes Introduction Nematodes account for an estimated 14% of all worldwide plant losses, which translates into almost $100 billion dollars.

Nematodes in Grapes Introduction Nematodes account for an estimated 14% of all worldwide plant losses, which translates into almost $100 billion dollars.
Plant Problems and Pests Horticulture 2 C. Vick. What is a pest? A pest is anything that causes injury to or loss of a plant (host plant) Categories:

Plant Problems and Pests Horticulture 2 C. Vick. What is a pest? A pest is anything that causes injury to or loss of a plant (host plant) Categories:
1 Nematode Management in Corn and Soybean Jason Bond, Plant Pathologist Southern Illinois University 618-453-4309.

1 Nematode Management in Corn and Soybean Jason Bond, Plant Pathologist Southern Illinois University
Nematology 100 Lecture 9 Slides. Spreading decline of citrus, Florida: Radopholus similis Early nematicide trial, treated vs. control Citrus: Radopholus.

Nematology 100 Lecture 9 Slides. Spreading decline of citrus, Florida: Radopholus similis Early nematicide trial, treated vs. control Citrus: Radopholus.
Introduction to Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Their Management

Introduction to Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Their Management
Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things
Biotic Diseases. They can be caused by: 1. Nematodes 2. Viruses 3. Bacteria 4. Parasitic higher plants 5. Fungi.

Biotic Diseases. They can be caused by: 1. Nematodes 2. Viruses 3. Bacteria 4. Parasitic higher plants 5. Fungi.
Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.

Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent.
Basic Parts of the Plant

Basic Parts of the Plant
Stems Parts of the Plant: Stems Most consistent identification characteristic.

Stems Parts of the Plant: Stems Most consistent identification characteristic.
Secret Life of Plants Plant Anatomy. Terms Node – place where leaf petiole attaches Internode – stem between nodes Terminal bud – at the end of a branch.

Secret Life of Plants Plant Anatomy. Terms Node – place where leaf petiole attaches Internode – stem between nodes Terminal bud – at the end of a branch.
Plant Structure Aquaponics. Shoot system Root system Reproductive shoot (flower) Terminal bud Node Internode Blade Vegetable shoot Terminal bud Petiole.

Plant Structure Aquaponics. Shoot system Root system Reproductive shoot (flower) Terminal bud Node Internode Blade Vegetable shoot Terminal bud Petiole.
Nematology 101: Biology and Ecology

Nematology 101: Biology and Ecology
Tylenchida Superfamily Criconematoidea Family Criconematidae (Criconemoides, Criconema) Family Tylenchulidae Superfamily Tylenchoidea Family Tylenchidae.

Tylenchida Superfamily Criconematoidea Family Criconematidae (Criconemoides, Criconema) Family Tylenchulidae Superfamily Tylenchoidea Family Tylenchidae.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google