1. Learning Theories
Carl Marcelin
EME 2040

2. Information Processing
Learning Paradigms
Behaviorism
Information Processing
Constructivism

3. Behaviorism Influential People on Behaviorism John B. Watson
B.F. Skinner
More information on Behaviorism

4. Situations shaping Behaviorism
Positive Reinforcement: an increase in a desire behavior resulting from a stimulus
Negative Reinforcement: an increase in a desired behavior resulting from a removal of the stimulus
Punishment: decrease in behavior will result from undesirable consequences

5. Information Processing
How do we retain information?
Rehearsal
Organization
Imagery
Schema
More information on information processing

6. Criticism of Directed Instruction
Students don’t learn to problem solve
Learning becomes unmotivated
Students don’t learn how to work cooperatively
Students are unable to apply skills

7. Constructivism Characteristics of Constructivist
Alternative Assessment
Exploration
Cooperative Learning
More information on constructivism

8. Criticisms of Constructivism
Teachers can’t identify individual skill level
Not all topics suited for constructivist learning
Skills may not transfer to practical situations

9. Information Processing
Contrasting Theories
Behaviorism
Information Processing
Constructivism
Behavior can be modified through reinforcement, a leaner can be conditioned to do desired response
Input
Sensory Register
Short term memory
Long-term memory
Humans control all knowledge in their minds by participating experiences
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Software used to correct identify weaknesses in children
Visual formats promote more meaningful learning