1. Module I.2 Conceptual understanding of the NAP process Trainer: [Name]
Country teams that want to realize key NAP tasks need to have a good understanding of the NAP concept
This module familiarizes with the general concept and character of the NAP process

2. Overview of this module
Adaptation under the UNFCCC
Characteristics of the NAP process
Importance of NAP for countries
Relation of NAP to other processes
Support channels for NAP

3. What can you expect to learn from this session?
Familiarize yourself with the general concept and character of the NAP process
Reflect on the relation to other relevant national & international processes
Get a first overview about existing support channels for NAP

4. Focus of adaptation under the UNFCCC over time
Progress during COP 17-20:
NAP Technical Guidelines
Increased multilateral/ bilateral engagement
Observing impacts, assessing risks and vulnerabilities
Moving to planning and pilot implementation
Sharing knowledge and lessons learned
Scaling up implementation
Adapting in the future
COP 2 (1996)
National Communications
COP 7 (2001)
LDCs Support (NAPA, LEG, LDCF), SCCF and AF
COP 11 (2005)
Nairobi work programme
COP 13 (2007)
Bali Action Plan
COP 16 (2011)
Cancun Adaptation Framework (Adaptation Comittee, NAPS and L&D)
COP 21 (2015)
Paris Agreement (Global Adaptation Goal, Adaptation Communication)
Increasing global efforts
Source: Modified from UNFCCC
From fragmentation to coordination and integration of adaptation
1996: Focus on assessing impacts and improving the science of CC
National communications started
2001: Creation of NAPAs, LDCF and LEG
LDCs called to establish NAPAs for identifying urgent and immediate adaptation needs
2010: Support for developing countries/ LDCs to develop NAPs (1/CP.16  published in 2011)
Identifying medium- and long-term adaptation needs
2011: Guidance for NAP process (5/CP.17)
LDC Expert Group (LEG) requested to develop technical guidelines
Agencies invited to establish NAP support programmes
2012: Technical and financial aspects of NAP (12/CP.18)
Multi- and bilateral agencies invited to provide further NAP support
2013: Launch of the NAP Global Support Programme
Targeted NAP support for LDC funded through the Global Environmental Facility (GEF)
2014: Launch of NAP Global Network
Enhance coordination and engagement of donors
2015: Paris Agreement
Global Adaptation Goal, Adaptation Communication
NAP process is prominently recognized in the Paris Agreement (see next slide)

5. COP 21 & the Paris Agreement: What are implications for the NAP process?
Countries are bound to engage in adaptation processes (Art. 7.9)
NAP process can be means of fulfilling this
Adaptation Communication: New non-binding reporting instrument (Art. 7.10)
Can be submitted periodically as part of or together with a NAP document (Art. 7.11)
Art. 7.9: „Each Party shall, as appropriate, engage in adaptation planning processes and the implementation of actions, including the development or enhancement of relevant plans, policies and/or contributions, which may include: […] (b) The process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans;”
Art. 7.10: “Each Party should, as appropriate, submit and update periodically an adaptation communication, which may include its priorities, implementation and support needs, plans and actions“ Art. 7.11: „The adaptation communication […] shall be, as appropriate, submitted and updated periodically, as a component of or in conjunction with other communications or documents, including a national adaptation plan”

6. Introduction to the NAP process
Objectives of NAP
Reduce vulnerability
Integrate (= mainstream) climate change adaptation into new and existing development planning processes, within all relevant sectors and levels
UNFCCC, 5/CP.17
During COP 17 in Doha the following decision was adopted by the conference of the parties (see below for French)
1. [The conference of the party] Agrees that the objectives of the national adaptation plan process are as follows:
(a) To reduce vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, by building
adaptive capacity and resilience;
(b) To facilitate the integration of climate change adaptation, in a coherent
manner, into relevant new and existing policies, programmes and activities, in particular
development planning processes and strategies, within all relevant sectors and at different
levels, as appropriate;
1. [La Conférence des Parties] Convient que les plans nationaux d’adaptation destinés à élaborer et à
appliquer des mesures d’adaptation ont pour objectif:
a) De réduire la vulnérabilité aux incidences des changements climatiques en
renforçant la capacité d’adaptation et la résilience;
b) D’intégrer de manière cohérente l’adaptation aux changements climatiques
dans les politiques, les programmes et les travaux pertinents, nouveaux ou en cours, en
particulier les processus et les stratégies de planification du développement, dans tous les
secteurs concernés et à différents niveaux, selon qu’il convient;

7. Characteristics of the NAP process - I
Flexible
Non-prescriptive
Countries select steps and approaches
Country-owned, country-driven
Driven by national needs and priorities
National coordinating mechanism and mandate
The NAP Technical Guidelines develop in chapter guiding principles for the NAP process.
Among these principles, flexibility, ownership, integration, M&E, and improved risk management are important principles in the NAP process. Further explanation can be found in the participants manual.

8. Characteristics of the NAP process - II
Integrated
Mainstream adaptation into development planning and budgets
Iterative, building on existing efforts, improving coordination
Transparent, participatory, gender-responsive
Improved climate risk management
Define pipeline of interventions
Align funding from all sources
Learning, monitoring and evaluation
Learn how to manage multiple climate risks through rigorous monitoring and review
Explanation of terms:
Disaster risk
The likelihood over a specified time period of severe alterations in the normal functioning of a community or a society due to hazardous
physical events interacting with vulnerable social conditions, leading to widespread adverse human, material, economic, or environmental
effects that require immediate emergency response to satisfy critical human needs and that may require external support for recovery.
Climate risks are a subset of disaster risks.
Risque de catastrophe: Probabilité que surviennent, au cours d’une période donnée, de graves perturbations du fonctionnement normal d’une popu-lation ou d’une société dues à l’interaction de phénomènes physiques dangereux avec des conditions de vulnérabilité sociale, qui provoque sur le plan humain, matériel, économique ou environnemental de vastes effets indésirables nécessitant la prise immédiate de mesures pour répondre aux besoins humains essentiels et exigeant parfois une assistance extérieure pour le relèvement.
Les risques climatiques sont un sous-catégorie des risques de catastrophe.
Source: IPCC, 2012: Glossary of terms. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation.

9. Importance of NAP for country processes
Links adaptation priorities to development needs
Sets clear objectives and priorities
Supports mainstreaming
Strengthens long term perspective
Builds on existing work and helps synthesise and simplify
Defines a pipeline of interventions
Captures resources: public, private, national, international
Supports coordination of adaptation efforts
Specifies needs: knowledge, capacity, institutional, funding
Sets out how progress will be measured and reported
Why should a country want to engage in the NAP process?
Why might it want to do so, even if it is already engaged in a significant number of adaptation projects at different levels and in different sectors?

10. Besides NAP: What other relevant planning processes exist in your country? Who of you was involved in them already?
Source: Climate Media Factory, Potsdam

11. NAP in the context of other relevant processes
Outreach
NAP
National Growth Strategy
Multi-sectoral
SDG
LEDS
HFA
Green Growth Strategy
NAPA
REDD+
Sectoral strategies
NAP is not the only mainstreaming process at the interface between environment and development.
This graph shows different processes from a sectoral and a temporal perspective.
A NAP country team looking for support for the NAP process might want to analyze how NAP relates to similar processes in order to maximize synergies. Similar relevant processes might exist in different sectors and at different government levels. I could be beneficial for the NAP process to build on existing plans and activities.
HFA = Hyogo Framework for Action 2: Post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction, launched in 2012 (UN General Assembly ), building on a review of the implementation of the HFA over its 10-year term.
NAPA = National Adaptation Programmes of Action: provide a process for Least Developed Countries to identify priority activities that respond to their urgent and immediate needs to adapt to climate change.
NAMAs = Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs): were introduced at the Bali-UN Conference of the Parties in 2007 as a voluntary mitigation-contribution of the developing and transition countries, supported by industrialised countries with financial and technological promotion as well as capacity building.
SDGs = Sustainable Development Goals refer to an agreement of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable D development held in Rio de Janeiro in June 2012 (Rio+20), to develop a set of future international development goals. Agenda 2030 (outcome document of the United Nations Summit for the adoption of the post-2015 development
agenda which was agreed by consensus in August 2015 ). For more, see
REDD+ = Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation: a mechanism that has been under negotiation by the UNFCCC since 2005, with the twin objectives of mitigating climate change through reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and removing greenhouse gases through enhanced forest management in developing countries.
NAP = National Adaptation Plans: formulation and implementation of NAPs is a means of identifying medium- and long-term adaptation needs and developing and implementing strategies and programmes to address those needs.
LEDS = Low Emission Development Strategy: „forward-looking national development plans or strategies that encompass low-emission and/or climate-resilient economic growth” (OECD)
NAMA
Sectoral
Planning horizon
Short-term
Long-term

12. UNFCCC process mandates gender
Mandate of COP 16 (2010), LEG provides technical guidance, advice on strengthening considerations regarding gender and vulnerable communities.
COP agreed: Follow country-driven, gender-sensitive, participatory, fully transparent approach, taking into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems.
Should be based on, guided by, best available science; appropriate, traditional, indigenous knowledge, and by gender-sensitive approaches, with view to integrating adaptation into relevant social, economic, environmental policies and actions, where appropriate.
COP 21: “Acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind, Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights, …, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity.”
For more information, see LDC Expert Group (2015) Strengthening gender considerations in adaptation planning and implementation in the least developed countries, UNFCCC 2015; UNFCCC Gender and Climate Change
Some people may ask, “What does gender have to do with adaptation?”
The UNFCCC process mandated gender through the COP 16 (2010) and beyond into COP 21. COP 21 notes the importance of considering gender equality and women’s empowerment in actions to address climate change.
Gender-sensitive, participatory approaches mean, in part, collecting, analysing, and using data that are sex-disaggregated (and disaggregated by age and other variables where relevant as well).
Gender-sensitive approaches are discussed in greater depth in the module focused on Gender and the NAP process
20/09/2019
NAP country-level training

13. NAP country-level training
Paris agreement
Preamble to decision and the Paris Agreement: a) ”… Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights,… as well as gender equality, empowerment of women” • Article 7 a) “Parties acknowledge that adaptation action should follow a country-driven, gender-responsive, participatory and fully transparent approach …” • Article 11 a) “Capacity-building should be guided by lessons learned … and should be an effective, iterative process that is participatory, cross-cutting and gender- responsive.” For more information, see UNFCCC Gender and Climate Change
Recently, the Paris agreement also reiterated the importance of addressing gender equality and women’s empowerment. Notably, it also calls for capacity building that is gender-responsive as well.
Gender responsive means that an approach or design or program responds to the different needs and constraints that women and men face in relation to climate change and adaptation efforts, building resilience, etc. This means it should be responsive in ways that recognize and understand the other different variables that may affect people, including age, disability, socio-economic group, caste, etc.
20/09/2019
NAP country-level training

14. The NAP entry points into the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
The NAP process is an opportunity for countries to define their adaptation priorities in relation to the overall development objectives as defined by the SDGs
The Agenda 2030 is a comprehensive plan to end poverty, fight inequality and injustice and tackle climate change. The Agenda unfolds around the SDGs which are universal goals that apply to every nation. These are universal goals that apply to every nation. The SDGs will run from 2016 to 2030
The SDGs replace the MDGs and cover all dimensions of sustainable development on the basis of 5 Ps (People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, Partnership) - 6 key principles - 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); 169 Targets and draft indicators available for monitoring and evaluation
Countries will be reporting on progress at national, regional and global levels. The 2030 Agenda M&E framework is the entry point to align NAP to the SDGs and global development process
This slide highlights the SDGs which are relevant to climate change adaptation and the NAP process on the basis of the SDGs targets and indicators. FOR EXAMPLE, SDG1: End poverty: Target 1.5: By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. Indicator 1.c: Provide enhanced support for highly vulnerable states and Least Developed Countries, to address the structural challenges facing those countries, including violence and conflict.
SDGs directly linked to NAP:
SDG1: End poverty: Target 1.5: By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters
SDG2: Zero Hunger: Target 2.4: By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality
SDG 9: Build resilient infrastructure : Target 9.1 : Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all
SDG 11: Make cities and human settlements resilient and sustainable: Target 11.5: Significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations
SDG 13: Climate Action: Targets 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
SDG 14: Life below water: Target  14.2: Sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
SDG 15: Life on land: Target 15.3: Combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world
SDG 17: Partnership: Target on capacity building: Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation.
NAP directly related
NAP indirectly related
Source: UNITAR, 2016
20/09/2019
NAP country-level training

15. Institutions and support channels for NAP
UNFCCC
LEG
Dev. Partners
Funding sources
Initial Guidelines (5/CP 17)
Technical Guidelines, supplementary material, trainings, advisory, NAP Central
Supplementary material, trainings, advisory
Public, private, national, international resources
The preparation of NAP processes is currently underway in many developing countries.
Multilateral and bilateral partners support this important process in different ways
Further information:
Source: UNFCCC, 2011; LEG, 2012; GIZ, 2014; GCF, 2014

16. Exercise: Opportunities and challenges of the NAP process in your country
You are invited to reflect the concrete situation of development and adaptation processes in your country Please delineate which opportunities and which challenges you expect from the NAP process in respect to the five principles Also consider concrete approaches you see for making use of opportunities and coping with challenges You will work in sub-groups defined by the moderator. Don’t forget to document your findings (document your findings on a flipchart when you have an open discussion or in Matrix I.2.1 when you discuss structured according to the given questions)

17. Imprint
Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Climate Policy Support Project
Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg Eschborn, Germany T F
Contact E I
Responsible Michael Brossmann, GIZ
Author Till Below
Picture credits Title: Focus of adaptation (UNFCCC 2013), Institutions and support channels for NAP (UNFCCC 2011, LEG 2012, GIZ 2014, GCF 2014), Roundtable (Climate Media Factory, Potsdam)
This presentation is part of a NAP country-level training that has been developed by GIZ on behalf of BMZ and in cooperation with the NAP Global Support Programme (NAP-GSP), in particular UNDP and UNITAR.
The training is designed to support countries in setting up a National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process. It builds on the NAP Technical Guidelines developed by the Least- Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG).
You are welcome to use the slides, as long as you do not alter its content or design (including the logos), nor this imprint. If you have any questions regarding the training, please contact Michael Brossmann at GIZ. For questions related to the Technical Guidelines, please refer to the UNFCCC’s NAP Central.
As a federally owned enterprise, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH supports the German Government in achieving its objectives in the field of international cooperation for sustainable development. GIZ also engages in human resource development, advanced training and dialogue.