1. 15.1: the beginning of the cold war
TOPIC 15: THE COLD WAR
15.1: the beginning of the cold war

2. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Warsaw Pact
Postwar America ( )
Lesson 1 The Beginning of the Cold War
Key Terms
satellite states
Cold War
iron curtain
Truman Doctrine
George F. Kennan
containment
Marshall Plan
Berlin airlift
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Warsaw Pact

3. Background of the Cold War
1. In the 1930s, the policies of isolationism and appeasement did nothing to stop the rise of dictatorships and the outbreak of global war.
2. After World War II, U.S. leaders viewed these past policies as mistakes.
3. They sought new ways to keep the United States safe as well as to protect its interests around the world.

4. Soviet Aggression Against Its Citizens
Background of the Cold War
Soviet Aggression Against Its Citizens
Soviets Control Eastern Europe
Wartime Alliance Unravels

5. Analyze Maps: As the Cold War developed after World War II, Europe became divided. Based on the map, why would the Soviet Union have benefited from gaining control of Greece and Turkey?

6. Responding to the Soviet Challenge
President Truman was not the only world leader who believed that Stalin had aspirations toward world domination.
Winston Churchill also spoke out forcefully against the Soviet Union. On March 5, 1946, he gave an important speech at Fulton College in Missouri, Truman’s home state.
Referring to a map of Europe, Churchill noted that “an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”

7. Truman Faces Soviet Aggression in Eastern Europe
Responding to the Soviet Challenge
Truman Faces Soviet Aggression in Eastern Europe
The Truman Doctrine Opposes Soviet Aggression

8. The United States Contains Soviet Expansion
In the July 1947 issue of the magazine Foreign Affairs, a writer who called himself “X” published an article titled “The Sources of Soviet Conduct.”
The author was really George F. Kennan, an American diplomat and a leading authority on the Soviet Union.
His article presented a blueprint for the American policy that became known as containment because its goal was to keep communism contained within its existing borders.

9. Kennan Urges a Policy of Containment
The United States Contains Soviet Expansion
Kennan Urges a Policy of Containment
United States Responds with Marshall Plan

10. George Kennan, an expert on Russian history and culture, was the driving force behind American policy toward the Soviet Union in the early years of the Cold War.

11. Analyze Graphs: This graph shows the shipments financed by the Marshall Plan. Based on the chart, why would Food and Other Produce take up such a large percentage of the shipments?

12. The front lines of the Cold War were located in Germany.
Soviet Aggression Drives Cold War
The front lines of the Cold War were located in Germany.
The zones that were controlled by France, Britain, and the United States were combined to form West Germany.
West Germany was bordered on the east by the Soviet-controlled East Germany.
The Allies also controlled the western part of Berlin, a city tucked deep inside communist East Germany.

13. United States and Britain Respond with Berlin Airlift
Soviet Aggression Drives Cold War
United States and Britain Respond with Berlin Airlift
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

14. The United States and Great Britain supplied goods to West Berlin by plane during the Berlin Airlift.

15. Analyze Tables: Which NATO countries were not located in Europe?

16. B. They became satellite states controlled by the Soviet Union.
Quiz: Background of the Cold War
What happened in many Eastern European countries after World War II?
A. They were occupied by the United States military.
B. They became satellite states controlled by the Soviet Union.
C. They joined the alliance that opposed communist expansion.
D. They received aid through the Marshall Plan to help their economies.
B. They became satellite states controlled by the Soviet Union.

17. D. the border between Western Europe and Eastern Europe
Quiz: Responding to the Soviet Challenge
What did Winston Churchill describe as an “iron curtain?”
A. the movement of military forces during World War II
B. the political impact of communism in the United States
C. the threat of a communist takeover in Greece and Turkey
D. the border between Western Europe and Eastern Europe
D. the border between Western Europe and Eastern Europe

18. B. economic aid to Western Europe.
Quiz: The United States Contains Soviet Expansion
The Marshall Plan succeeded in providing
A. military aid to Eastern Europe.
B. economic aid to Western Europe.
C. increased political stability in the United States.
D. support for the struggling nations of Eastern Europe.
B. economic aid to Western Europe.

19. Quiz: Soviet Aggression Drives Cold War
Stalin’s attempt to blockade Berlin failed largely as a result of
A. the Berlin airlift.
B. the Marshall Plan.
C. collective security.
D. inadequate resources.
A. The Berlin Airlift

20.
TOPIC 15: THE COLD WAR
15.2: the KOREAN WAR

21. Explain how Mao Zedong and the communists gained power in China.
15.2 Success Criteria
Explain how Mao Zedong and the communists gained power in China.
Describe the causes and the reasons for U.S. involvement in the Korean War.
Identify the long-term effects and outcomes of the Korean War.

22. 1950 – Korean War broke out
North Korean troops crossed the 38th parallel (latitude line dividing the nations) in an attempt to reunite Korea by force
UN unable to act

23. Douglas MacArthur war hero, anti-Communist and led UN forces in Korea
considered to be
overly ambitious
little respect for
authority (including
Roosevelt and Truman)

24. The Korean War North Korean troops storm across 38th parallel
June - September 1950
North Korean troops storm across 38th parallel
September – November 1950
United Nations offensive in South and North Korea
November 1950 – January 1951
Communist China and North Korean offensive

26. A: To stop the northward progression of UN troops
Q: Why do you think China entered the war when it did?
A: To stop the northward progression of UN troops

27. Q: In what way was the Korean War a cold war conflict?
A: ideological differences, a Communist government on one side and an anti-Communist government on the other

28. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
Postwar America ( )
Lesson 2 The Korean War
Key Terms
Jiang Jieshi
Mao Zedong
38th parallel
Douglas MacArthur
limited war
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

29. Europe had been the first focus of the Cold War.
China Turns Communist
Europe had been the first focus of the Cold War.
But in the early 1950s, U.S. involvement in the Korean War made East Asia the prime battleground in the long, hard Cold War struggle.
The division between North and South Korea remains a source of international tension today.

30. U.S. Policy During China’s Civil War
China Turns Communist
U.S. Policy During China’s Civil War
China Falls to Communism

31. The dividing line was set at the 38th parallel.
U.S. Involvement in Korea
The focus of attention turned to the peninsula of Korea, separated from northeast China by the Yalu River.
Once controlled by Japan, Korea had been divided into two independent countries by the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.
The dividing line was set at the 38th parallel.

32. U.S. Involvement in Korea
4. The Soviets installed a communist government and equipped the armed forces in North Korea.
5. The United States provided smaller amounts of aid to noncommunist South Korea.

33. North Korea Invades South Korea
U.S. Involvement in Korea
North Korea Invades South Korea
Reasons for U.S. Involvement
The U.S. and Its Allies Counterattack
Truman and MacArthur Disagree on Military Goals

34. Analyze Maps: This map shows the Korean peninsula as war began
Analyze Maps: This map shows the Korean peninsula as war began. Which countries border North Korea?

35. Outcomes of the Korean War
By the spring of 1951, Allied forces had regrouped and stabilized their position near the 38th parallel.
The stalemate lasted until During that time, the two sides fought small, bloody battles with limited results.
At the same time, diplomats tried to devise an acceptable peace agreement.

36. Short-Term Outcomes of the Korean War
Long-Term Outcomes of the Korean War

37. Analyze Data: After the Korean War how much more did the U
Analyze Data: After the Korean War how much more did the U.S spend on defense than before the war?

38. B. He was fighting against communist forces in China.
Quiz: China Turns Communist
Why did the United States support Jiang Jieshi during the Chinese civil war?
A. He promised to end starvation in China.
B. He was fighting against communist forces in China.
C. He had supported the United States in previous conflicts.
D. He wanted to reform the corrupt Nationalist political system.
B. He was fighting against communist forces in China.

39. C. Truman did not ask Congress for a formal declaration of war.
Quiz: U.S. Involvement in Korea
How did the United States’ involvement in Korea differ from previous wars?
A. Truman instituted the first military draft.
B. It defied the agreements of the UN resolution.
C. Truman did not ask Congress for a formal declaration of war.
D. It sent troops into forced marches and heavy combat.
C. Truman did not ask Congress for a formal declaration of war.

40. D. the warning that nuclear weapons might be used
Quiz: Outcomes of the Korean War
What led the communists to agree to a cease-fire in Korea?
A. the Soviet decision to radically change military policy
B. the decision to divide Korea at the 38th parallel
C. the United States’ heavy bombing of North Korea
D. the warning that nuclear weapons might be used
D. the warning that nuclear weapons might be used

41. 15.3: the cold war intensifies
TOPIC 15: THE COLD WAR
15.3: the cold war intensifies

42. mutually assured destruction John Foster Dulles massive retaliation
Postwar America ( )
Lesson 3 The Cold War Intensifies
Key Terms
mutually assured destruction
John Foster Dulles
massive retaliation
brinkmanship
Nikita Khrushchev
nationalized
Suez crisis
Eisenhower Doctrine
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

43. The Arms Race Intensifies Tensions
By 1950, the United States and the Soviet Union were, by far, the two most powerful nations in the world.
The conflicting ideologies and goals of these rival nations led to a worldwide struggle for influence.
The policies followed by the two superpowers would help shape the history of the 20th century for much of the world, from Latin America to the Middle East.

44. Cold War Worries Rise The Arms Race Speeds Up
The Arms Race Intensifies Tensions
Cold War Worries Rise
The Arms Race Speeds Up

45. In the 1950s, personal nuclear bomb shelters became popular throughout the United States. They were equipped with beds, food, and other necessities designed to help a family survive a nuclear attack.

46. Eisenhower’s Response to Soviet Aggression
President Dwight Eisenhower knew firsthand the horrors of war and the need to defend democracy.
He had led the World War II Allied invasions of North Africa, Italy, and Normandy.
Having worked with top military and political leaders during the war, he was capable of speaking the language of both.

47. Eisenhower’s Policies toward Communism
Eisenhower’s Response to Soviet Aggression
Eisenhower’s Policies toward Communism
Stalin’s Death Eases Tensions

48. Like Truman, President Eisenhower (left) and his Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles (right), believed that the containment of communism was essential to U.S. foreign policy.

49. Analyze Data: How does the data shown in the infographic illustrate Eisenhower’s approach to defense spending?

50. Peaceful co-existence was easier to imagine than it was to practice.
International Cold War Conflicts
Peaceful co-existence was easier to imagine than it was to practice.
The United States and the Soviet Union remained deeply divided.
The Soviet Union would not allow free elections in the areas it controlled, and it continued to attempt to spread communism around the world.
Dulles talked about “rolling back” communism and liberating the countries under Soviet rule.

51. Uprisings Behind the Iron Curtain: Poland and Hungary
International Cold War Conflicts
Uprisings Behind the Iron Curtain: Poland and Hungary
The Suez Crisis
The Eisenhower Doctrine
The Space Race Increases Tensions

52. Analyze Maps: The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Why was the canal so strategically important?

53. Quiz: The Arms Race Intensifies Tensions
Which Cold War event first suggested that Soviet military power might be on par with that of the United States?
A. The Soviet Union established the policy of brinkmanship.
B. The Soviet Union launched a satellite into an orbit of Earth
C. The U.S. discovered that the Soviet Union had set off an atomic bomb.
D. The U.S. learned that the Soviet Union had developed a hydrogen bomb.
C. The U.S. discovered that the Soviet Union had set off an atomic bomb.

54. Quiz: Eisenhower’s Response to Soviet Aggression
Which term describes John Foster Dulles’ threat to use extreme force in response to communist aggression?
A. the space race
B. the domino effect
C. massive retaliation
D. mutually assured destruction
C. massive retaliation

55. Quiz: International Cold War Conflicts
How did President Eisenhower respond to the Suez Crisis?
A. He supported Europe’s effort to seize control of the Suez Canal.
B. He consulted with Nasser and resolved to send military aid to Egypt.
C. He offered to fund Nasser’s project to construct a dam on the Nile River.
D. He criticized Britain and France and refused to supply them with U.S. oil.
D. He criticized Britain and France and refused to supply them with U.S. oil.