1. Specialized courts - areas
Classical areas
Family, juvenile
Criminal
Constitutional …
Economic areas
Bankruptcy
Competition
Intellectual property
Financial institutions

2. Specialized courts - how
Specialized judge
Specialized units in the courts
Specialized agencies
Specialized courts
Specialized appeals

3. Specialized courts – why?
Expertise
New legislation
Law and issues not stable
Large number of cases
Demand from public opinion
Complexity of the subject
Better case management, speed
Sensitivity of juvenile person

4. Specialized courts – why not?
Separate courts are more expensive
Special funding/respect is lost to general courts
Inequality of the cases/parties
Misperception of the specialized courts as special interest courts
Susceptibility to special interest capture
What criteria to apply for specialization?
Friction between special and general courts

5. Donor contributions Pay attention to local conditions
Coordination with other donors
Infrastructure and budget
Detailed economic analysis before deciding
Build respect
Be sensitive about independence of judiciary
Support international cooperation

6. Words of Wisdom Develop tools for, and perform cost/benefit analysis
Judges count more than institutions
Reforming the judicial system as a whole is more important than establishing specialized courts