1. Study guide will be passed out this Friday or Monday
We are reviewing Ch. 17, Section 1 and Section 2 today and tomorrow. Section 3 on Wednesday. Thursday and Friday will be formatted a bit different.
Test is moved up to Wednesday, March 7th!!!
Test Review will be Tuesday, March 6th
Study guide will be passed out this Friday or Monday

2. Bellwork Monday 2-26 Week of 2-26 to 3-02 1.)
Name
McCombe
Hour
Date
Bellwork
Week of 2-26 to 3-02
1.)
Monday 2-26
One thing I need to do to prepare for the test is…

3. Ch.17, Section 1: Mobilizing For Defense
The Japanese expected that the attack on Pearl Harbor would make America pull back and not cause any conflict.
A Japanese paper said that the attack had caused America to “tremble in her shoes”
However, America was trembling with rage, not fear

4. Selective Service And The GI
After Pearl Harbor, many young people rushed to enlist to help the country
5 million volunteered for the war effort, but this was not enough people to defeat the two fronts
The Selective Service System expanded the draft and this lead to 10 million more soldiers enlisting
Draftees and volunteers had eight weeks of basic training

5. Expanding The Military
The military’s work force needs were so great that they needed more expansion.
Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall wanted women to be involved
He pushed for the creation of Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps(WAAC)
Under this, women could volunteer for noncombat positions
Many in Congress thought it was “silly”, but it still passed on May 15, 1942

6. Expanding the Military
Gave the women in the WAAC status and a salary, but not as many benefits as males were given
By 1943, thousands of women had joined and the auxiliary status had been dropped and women were able to get full Army benefits
WAC’s worked in positions like nurses, electricians, radio operators, ambulance drivers and pilots.

7. Recruiting and Discrimination
Many minorities felt that the war had caused a dilemma.
This included groups like Mexican Americans, Native Americans, African Americans and Asian Americans
They were confined to racially segregated neighborhoods and reservations. Many were even denied citizenship.
This being said, many felt it was not their war to fight.

8. Dramatic Contributions
More than 300,000 Mexican Americans joined the Armed Forces, despite the discrimination they faced.
One million African Americans joined as well. Despite the large number who joined, they were confined to segregated units and noncombat roles.
Eventually, they were able to take combat roles starting around April of 1943
More than 13,000 Chinese Americans joined as well. 33,000 Japanese Americans joined.
Out of all of the Asian Americans, several thousand volunteered as spies and interpreters.

9. Dramatic Contributions
Over 25,000 Native Americans volunteered for the war effort as well.
Of this 25,000, over 800 women were involved.

10. A Production Miracle
February 1942: Automobile production for private use vehicles ended.
After this was announced, it was only a matter of weeks before auto plants had been transformed into plants to produce tanks, planes, boats and command cars.
All over the country, other factories and plants turned in to places to produce goods for the war.

11. Labor’s Contribution
Soon after the war began, it was apparent that there were not nearly enough workers to produce what was needed for the military and the rest of the country
By 1944, nearly 18 million workers were working to produce what was needed. This was more than 3 times as many as just 3 years prior.
6 million of the new workers were women. At first, it was thought women would not be able to last working in factories.
Women proved they could handle working with tools and working long hours in factories.
2 million women from minority groups were hired as well
Before the war, 75% of defense contractors refused to hire African Americans. Those that did hire them, only let them work menial jobs like janitors.

12. Labor’s Contribution
A. Phillip Randolph: President and founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
He was also the nation’s most respected African- American labor leader. He organized a march with the nation’s African Americans in D.C.
They wanted the right to work and to fight for the country alongside white men
Roosevelt and Randolph met and Randolph said he was bringing more than D.C. could handle
Roosevelt backed down and issued an executive order that allowed African Americans to participate just as white men were able to.

13. Mobilization Of Scientists
1941: Roosevelt created the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)
This allowed scientists to be brought into the war effort.
OSRD: created new technologies in radar and sonar, submarines and new technology to fight insects.
DDT: A pesticide created to kill bugs. Allowed U.S soldiers to be free of lice, the first soldiers in history to do so.
OSRD: Created the first atomic bomb, initially thought it would take 3-5 years
Shortened the time
Development of bomb was called the Manhattan Project

14. The Federal Government Takes Control
Fewer consumer products were available due to the war effort
Factory production was primarily towards the war effort
Prices of goods for purchase went up due to less being produced for consumers
Roosevelt created the Office of Price Administration(OPA).
OPA fought inflation by freezing prices on goods
Congress raised income tax rates and extended the tax to millions of people
Higher taxes reduced consumer demand on scarce goods because consumers had less money to spend
Government encouraged people to buy war bonds
The government needed to ensure that the armed forces and war industries received resources they needed to win war

15. The Federal Government Takes Control
The War Production Board (WPB) assumed the responsibility to ensure everyone got what they needed to win the war
They decided which companies would convert from peacetime industries to war time industries
They also organized nationwide drives to collect things like scrap tin cans, paper, rags and cooking fat.
These were able to be used for wartime products
Children would participate in these drives as well
In Chicago, children were able to collect 36 million pounds of old paper over the course of five months.

16. Rationing: Establishing fixed allotments of goods deemed essential under the military
Each household would receive a booklet that allowed them to buy a certain number of products like meat, shoes, sugar, coffee and gasoline.
Gas rationing was probably the hardest for people to abide by
Most Americans accepted rationing as doing their part for the war
Families did what they could to abide by the rationing
However, some people would cheat the rationing by hoarding goods or purchasing through the black market. This allowed people to buy goods that were rationed at extremely inflated prices