1. Late Middle Ages
Part 2

2. 5. The Black Death
First appeared in Italy in 1347 and spread to the rest of Europe.
It killed more than a third of Europe’s seventy million people.

3. 5. The Black Death Consequences: Depopulation
Migration to cities: revitalization of urban life
Opportunities for class mobility: demand of workers
Dislocation of social order and social clashes
Rising secularism
End of feudalism in many areas

4. 6. Wars and famine The Hundred Years’ War
England and France ( )
Important figure:
Joan of Arc
The wars depleted the resources of both countries.

5. 6. Wars and famine
Hundred Years’ War : Modern warfare (gunpowder, ambushes…)

6. 7. Political situation
Raising of constitutional monarchies (parliament).
Political and territorial consolidation of the French, English and Spanish monarchies.
Creation of a national identity.
What about the Church?

7. 8. The Church
Religious and cultural leadership in the High Middle Ages.
Great economic and political power
The raising of national monarchies diminishes the power of the Church

8. 8. The Church
Great Schism (1378 to 1417): Instigated by political alliances the Church divides: Pope at Avignon and Pope at Rome

9. 8. The Church Repression and religious intolerance:
Holy Inquisition suppressed “heretic” movements though torture and executions.
In Spain it was used to forcibly convert Muslims and Jews into Christianity.

10. 8. The Church lost of prestige for the institution.
Consequences
lost of prestige for the institution.
Rise of anticlericalism/ secularism
Rise of devotional piety and mysticism: individual experience of God.

11. 9. Cultural changes
Faith and reason are finally separated: they have different ends.
Explanations of the natural world are pursued through reason.
Use of the empirical method (modern science).

12. 9. Literature Rise of literature in vernacular languages
New patrons and audiences: urban nobles and middle class
Social realism: study of social types: (Triumph of Death)
Invention of the printing press (1455): production and distribution of literature

13. 9. Literature Italy: England:
Dante Alighieri ( ) Divine Comedy
Petrarch ( ) Canzoniere
Boccaccio ( ) Decameron
England:
Geoffrey Chaucer ( ) The Canterbury Tales

14. 10. Late Medieval Painting: Italy
The Italian painter Giotto (1300s) is a revolutionary figure.
He introduces:
perspective
feelings

15. 10. Late Medieval Painting: Italy