1. 1. Could I receive an A for this class
1. Could I receive an A for this class. If I don't get an 'A' I won't get the scholarship that I apply for
Appeal to pity
This line of "reasoning" is fallacious
because pity does not serve as
evidence for a claim
Just to get a scholarship does not
justify a person to be given an A –
There are other criteria to be considered
Logical Fallacies

2. 2. All women in my family love babies. All women love babies
Hasty generalization
Faulty logic – unqualified
A generalization. This fallacy is
committed when a person draws
a conclusion about a population
based on a sample that is not
large enough
Logical Fallacies

3. 3. You shouldn’t accept national
health care because it is a socialist idea
Red herring
Switching to another issue to distract
from the main argument. This sort of
"reasoning" is fallacious because
merely changing the topic of
discussion hardly counts as an
argument against a claim.
Logical Fallacies

4. 4. In a democracy the people are free because democracies are free countries.
Begging the question
Circular argument
This sort of "reasoning" is fallacious because
simply assuming that the premise is true does not constitute evidence for that conclusion. Democracy = free country = free people. Circular argument with no end.
Logical Fallacies

5. Faulty logic – unqualified Generalization. Making a
5. The gang members caught by the police last night comprises immigrants from country X. Most immigrants who work in this country have trouble with the law and come from country X where thievery are rampant.
Hasty generalization
Faulty logic – unqualified
Generalization. Making a
judgment based on a small
Sample.
Logical Fallacies

6. 6. Ralph Nader was the best candidate
for president, because he was totally
better than any of the others.
Begging the question/
Circular argument
Assumption -- Nader is better than the other candidates, conclusion -- Nader is the best. This sort of "reasoning" is fallacious because simply assuming that the conclusion is true (directly or indirectly) in the premises does not constitute evidence for that conclusion.
Logical Fallacies

7. Appeal to fear /scare tactics
7. If you don't finish your homework you won't get a good grade.  Then you won't be able to get into the college you want.  You will end up cleaning toilets for a living.
Appeal to fear /scare tactics
It is an appeal to force or threat
instead of trying to convince
someone with facts or a logical
argument
Logical Fallacies

8. 8. How could anyone vote for Hilary Clinton for senator
8. How could anyone vote for Hilary Clinton for senator?The fact that she is married to Clinton proves that she has no self respect.
Ad hominem
Attacking the person rather than the issue. Ad Hominem" means "against the man" or "against the person.
Ad Hominem is a fallacy because the character,
circumstances, or actions of a person do not (in most cases) have a bearing on the truth of the claim being made (or the quality of the argument being made).
Logical Fallacies

9. Burden of proof Causal fallacy
9. UFO must exist because no reputable studies have proven conclusively that they do not.
Burden of proof
Shifts the burden of proof to the other party in order to make a claim.
However, no evidence is given to proof that UFO do exist.
Causal fallacy
Logical Fallacies

10. Appeal to vanity/flattery
10. If you are beautiful, you could live like this, so buy Buty-EZ and become beautiful.
Appeal to vanity/flattery
Here the appeal is to beautiful people.
This line of "reasoning" is fallacious
because the fact that flattery does not, in general, serve as evidence that the claim is true.
Logical Fallacies

11. 11. State the fallacy implied
Logical Fallacies

12. Appeal to number /Bandwagon / peer pressure
My friends uses Linux because it makes their PC more powerful & stable. My friend uses Linux so must I.
Appeal to number /Bandwagon / peer pressure
Implies something is right because
everybody believes so. This line of
"reasoning" is fallacious because
peer pressure and threat of
rejection do not constitute evidence for rejecting a claim
Logical Fallacies

13. Slippery slope /domino theory
12. We can’t allow students any voice in decision making, if we do, it wont be long before they are in total control
Slippery slope /domino theory
No middle road is given. Assumes that when the first action is taken, it would subsequently follow through to the last. Is this true?
Logical Fallacies

14. False dilemma (black or white/ either – or)
13. Women need to be either brilliant or beautiful to survive in this world.
False dilemma (black or white/ either – or)
Include either…or… . Just gives two opposite extremes instead of allowing for other possibilities. Not all women who survive in this world are brilliant or beautiful.
Logical Fallacies

15. Strawman (oversimplification)
14. Those who favor gun-control legislation just want to take all guns away from responsible citizens and put them into the hands of the criminals.
Strawman (oversimplification)
misrepresent an opponent's position to make it easier to attack, usually by distorting his or her views to ridiculous extremes
Logical Fallacies