1. THE PRACTICE OF PARTICIPATION Some operational issues

2. Must know the context of participation
Context is local environment, that is the social, cultural, political and economic characteristics of the community

3. Specifically – the institutional arrangements supporting the activities
the general understanding of the program
The previous experience
Availability of resources

4. Preparation
People begin to learn how to participate and work with social institution
Interaction, dialogue and meeting between community and institutions are necessary
Participation increases community empowerment

5. Project structure The existing local social institutions
Types of leadership
Any local conflict, or political tension

6. Objectives of the project
What to achieve
Objective is jointly formulated and understood by community – feasible and responsible to felt needs

7. Implementation
The mode of implementation is normally unique to each project
Requires 2-way communication between community and the organizer
Participation occurs through collective action

8. Participation must be representative of the different segments in the community
Budget allocation must be clear according to activities

9. Resistance or conflict
Accordance or resistance are among the responses from the community
Community should be prepared as active recipients

10. It is the responsibility of CD workers to reduce resistance / conflict, by first educating the community about the advantages of the project

11. Training Training is needed for capacity building at the local level
Training is for local leaders and community members

12. Monitoring
Monitoring is needed to ensure principles of CD are being practiced
Participation facilitates the process of learning

13. Impact Assessment Measurement of the outcome felt by the community
Outcome is in the form of behavioural and institutional changes within the community