1. Communication

2. Communication
According to “Crusty,” communication is “the process of making, keeping, and changing relationships with others.”
Occurs when you send and/or receive a message and when you assign meaning to such message

3. Interpersonal Communication
Communication that happens between or among people is interpersonal
People also constantly communicate with themselves, but that is intrapersonal.

4. Verbal Communication that comes from written and spoken symbols.
Basically, verbal communication refers only to the words that are spoken and their literal, dictionary definitions.

5. Nonverbal Communication that goes beyond the words that are said
This can involve physical things: gestures, facial expressions, movements, etc.
However, it can also involve vocal aspects such as inflection, volume, etc.
Examples – Tshirts, gestures, facial expressions, proximity to someone, wearing jewelry, touching someone

6. Components of Communication
Message
Channel
Receiver
Sender
Interference
Situation

7. Message whatever a speaker communicates to someone else
GOAL of a message is that the INTENDED message matches the ACTUAL message
dependent upon verbal (what you say) and nonverbal (how you say it)

8. Listener/Receiver person who receives communicated message
filters messages through frame of reference (prior knowledge)
frame of reference – total of his or her knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes; everyone’s is different
Listening involves
receiving
understanding
remembering
evaluating
responding

9. Speaker/Sender Sends out messages Can be verbal or nonverbal messages
Can be aware and sometimes unaware of messages being sent out

10. Theories of Communication

11. Linear Model
earliest theory – speaker spoke and listener listened in isolation
Message
Speaker
Listener

12. Interactional View
speaker and listener seen as exchanging turns as speaker and listener; response to what the other said
still separate acts that didn’t overlap
Speaker
Listener
Listener
Speaker

13. Transactional Process
simultaneous speaking and listening
As one sends the message, he/she also receives from own communications and from reactions of the other person.
Message
Speaker/
Listener
Speaker/
Listener
Message

14. Channel
medium through which message signals pass (how the message is communicated)
Examples: telephone, , face to face, note, TV, radio, etc.

15. Types of Channels vocal-auditory – what you speak and how you listen
visual – gestures
chemical – odors emitted; smells
tactile – anything that can be touched

16. Situation
the environment that influences the form and the content of communication
sometimes so natural you ignore it
sometimes it stands out and affects your communication

17. Interference/Static anything that gets in the way of communication
interferes with your receiving a message someone is sending or with him/her receiving the message

18. Types of Interference
Physical – loud talking, honking horn, illegible handwriting, “garbage” on computer screen
Physiological – hearing or visual impairment, articulation disorder
Psychological – preconceived ideas, wandering thoughts
Semantic – misunderstood meanings

19. Process of Interpersonal Communication
Situation s i t u a o n s i t u a o n
Sender/Receiver
Sender/Receiver
Interference/Static