1. Schizophrenia Research Study: Daniels et al (1991)
Saturday, 28 September 2019
Schizophrenia Research Study: Daniels et al (1991)
LO: Understand the details of the key research study for Schizophrenia
understand the procedure of research
Examine the results of the research with maths analysis
Evaluate the research study
Key Terms:
SPECT
Placebo
Cerebral Blood Flow

2. STARTER: Knowledge Quiz (Back of your book)
What is a hypothesis?
What does the term ‘sample’ mean?
What is the difference between an independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV)?
What is the difference between a laboratory experiment, and a natural experiment?
CHALLENGE: Why is it important to have control in an experiment?

3. STARTER: Knowledge Quiz ANSWERS
What is a hypothesis?
A PREDICTION OF THE OUTCOME OF RESEARCH/THE RESULTS
What does the term ‘sample’ mean?
THE GROUP OF PARTICIPANTS TAKING PART IN AN EXPERIMENT
What is the difference between an independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV)?
IV = WHAT IS CHANGED/MANIPULATED
DV = WHAT IS MEASURED

4. STARTER: Knowledge Quiz (Back of your book)
What is the difference between a laboratory experiment, and a natural experiment?
LAB EXPERIMENT = CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT WITH IV MANIPULATED BY EXPERIMENT
NATURAL EXPERIMENT = NON-CONTROLLED (NATURAL) ENVIRONMENT, IV IS NATURALLY OCCURING WITHOUT THE EXPERIMENTER BEING INVOLVED
CHALLENGE: Why is it important to have control in an experiment?
HAVING CONTROL ENSURES A FAIR TEST, AND ENSURES THE IV IS ACTUALLY AFFECTING THE DV, NOT JUST COINCIDENCE

5. Key Study Title
Schizophrenia Research Study
Daniel, Weinberger, Jones et al. (1991) A study into the effect of amphetamine on regional cerebral blood flow during cognitive activation in schizophrenia. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
LO: Understand the details of the key research study for Schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE PROCEDURE OF RESEARCH
EXAMINE THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH WITH MATHS ANALYSIS
EVALUATE THE RESEARCH STUDY

6. A study into the effect of amphetamine on regional cerebral blood flow during cognitive activation in schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Research Study
AMPHETAMINE
A drug which acts as a stimulant for the brain
CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW
The supply of blood to the brain at one time
COGNITIVE ACTIVATION
The active process of thinking or doing
LO: Understand the details of the key research study for Schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE PROCEDURE OF RESEARCH
EXAMINE THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH WITH MATHS ANALYSIS
EVALUATE THE RESEARCH STUDY

7. STARTER: Knowledge Quiz (Back of your book)
What are the two biological explanations of schizophrenia?
What does ‘Cognitive Activation’ mean?
What does amphetamine do to a person’s brain?

8. STARTER: Knowledge Quiz ANSWERS
What are the two biological explanations of schizophrenia?
Dopamine Hypothesis and lack of activity in the pre-frontal cortex
What does ‘Cognitive Activation’ mean?
The active process of the brain thinking or doing
What does amphetamine do to a person’s brain?
It stimulates it – makes it active

9. Highlight the key information Underline any words you don’t understand
THE RESEARCH STUDY
Schizophrenia Research Study
Read the worksheet
Highlight the key information
Underline any words you don’t understand
LO: Understand the details of the key research study for Schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE PROCEDURE OF RESEARCH
EXAMINE THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH WITH MATHS ANALYSIS
EVALUATE THE RESEARCH STUDY

10. Schizophrenia Research Study
SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION- COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT): A type of nuclear imaging test that uses gamma rays to show how blood flows to tissues and organs. PLACEBO: A fake drug designed to have no real effect, so that it can be tested and compared to a real drug.
LO: Understand the details of the key research study for Schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE PROCEDURE OF RESEARCH
EXAMINE THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH WITH MATHS ANALYSIS
EVALUATE THE RESEARCH STUDY

11. TASK: Glue in the table, and answer the questions below
TASK: Glue in the table, and answer the questions below. Details of the Sample:
What was the mean age of the participants?
What percentage of participants were female?
What fraction of participants were black?
What was the modal number of years the participants had spent in education?
What was the median number of years since the participants were first hospitalised?

12. Maths Help Sheet:

13. Daniels et al Questions
What scanning technique was used by Daniel et al?
Why were the same participants used in both conditions?
Which other controls were used in the study?
According to the results, when did amphetamine have an effect?

14. Schizophrenia Research Study: Daniels et al (1991)
Saturday, 28 September 2019
Schizophrenia Research Study: Daniels et al (1991)
LO: Evaluate and criticise the key research study for Schizophrenia
recall the key elements of the research
Explain limitations with certain research methods
Synthesise information to evaluate the research study
Key Terms:
sample extraneous variable
representative ethics
validity cultural bias

15. STARTER: Knowledge Quiz
Schizophrenia Research Study
What is a sample?
What is an extraneous variable? Give 3 examples.
What are the 5 ethical considerations psychologists have to make when conducting research?
What is meant by the term validity?
CHALLENGE: What is neuroscience?
Saturday, 28 September 2019Saturday, 28 September 2019
LO: Evaluate and criticise the key research study for Schizophrenia
RECALL THE KEY ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH
EXPLAIN LIMITATIONS WITH CERTAIN RESEARCH METHODS
SYNTHESISE INFORMATION TO EVALUATE THE RESEARCH STUDY

16. STARTER: Knowledge Quiz
Schizophrenia Research Study
What is a sample?
A group selected from a larger population – the participants used within a research study.
What is an extraneous variable? Give 3 examples.
A variable which is not the IV, but may impact upon the DV if not controlled for e.g. a person’s mood, the weather, the light in a room
What are the 5 ethical considerations psychologists have to make when conducting research?
Protection from psychological harm, avoiding deception, informed consent, right to withdraw, maintain confidentiality, debriefing participants
Saturday, 28 September 2019Saturday, 28 September 2019
LO: Evaluate and criticise the key research study for Schizophrenia
RECALL THE KEY ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH
EXPLAIN LIMITATIONS WITH CERTAIN RESEARCH METHODS
SYNTHESISE INFORMATION TO EVALUATE THE RESEARCH STUDY

17. STARTER: Knowledge Quiz
Schizophrenia Research Study
What is meant by the term validity?
A measure of how true or accurate something is
CHALLENGE: What is neuroscience?
The study of the brain and neurochemistry (neurotransmitters; such as dopamine)
Saturday, 28 September 2019Saturday, 28 September 2019
LO: Evaluate and criticise the key research study for Schizophrenia
RECALL THE KEY ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH
EXPLAIN LIMITATIONS WITH CERTAIN RESEARCH METHODS
SYNTHESISE INFORMATION TO EVALUATE THE RESEARCH STUDY

18. Key Criticisms
Schizophrenia Research Study
The sample size was too small to draw reliable conclusions.
The sample was potentially culturally biased.
The study may lack temporal validity.
Some psychologists would be concerned about the ethics of using scans when we are unclear about long term consequences.
The difference in brain activity may have been affected by an extraneous variable (the mood stabiliser).
Saturday, 28 September 2019Saturday, 28 September 2019
LO: Evaluate and criticise the key research study for Schizophrenia
RECALL THE KEY ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH
EXPLAIN LIMITATIONS WITH CERTAIN RESEARCH METHODS
SYNTHESISE INFORMATION TO EVALUATE THE RESEARCH STUDY