1. 8-11 Stars
Unit 8: Astronomy
November 19, 2012
Sanders

2. Stars’ Classification
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

3. Stars’ Classification
Stars are classified by temperature and luminosity.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

4. Stars’ Classification
Stars are classified by temperature and luminosity.
Temperature can be seen by the color of the star.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

5. Stars’ Classification
Stars are classified by temperature and luminosity.
Temperature can be seen by the color of the star.
A red star is coolest
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

6. Stars’ Classification
Stars are classified by temperature and luminosity.
Temperature can be seen by the color of the star.
A red star is coolest
A blue star is hottest
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

7. Stars’ Classification
Stars are classified by temperature and luminosity.
Temperature can be seen by the color of the star.
A red star is coolest
A blue star is hottest
Luminosity is the rate at which the star emits energy compared to the sun.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

8. September 26, 2019
Astronomy

9. Changing Knowledge
People have observed the stars for thousands of years, using them to find direction, note the passage of time, and to express their values and traditions.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

10. Changing Knowledge
People have observed the stars for thousands of years, using them to find direction, note the passage of time, and to express their values and traditions.
As our technology has progressed, so has understanding of celestial objects and events.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

11. Nuclear Fusion
Fusion releases great amounts of energy over millions of years.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

12. Nuclear Fusion
Fusion releases great amounts of energy over millions of years.
Hydrogen is fused to make helium.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

13. Nuclear Fusion
Fusion releases great amounts of energy over millions of years.
Hydrogen is fused to make helium.
When hydrogen is consumed, more and larger elements are consumed.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

14. Fusion
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

15. Milky Way
Our Sun is a medium-sized star within a spiral galaxy of stars known as the Milky Way.
Our magnificent Milky Way Galaxy sprawls across this ambitious all-sky panorama. In fact, at 800 million pixels the full resolution mosaic strives to show all the stars the eye can see in planet Earth's night sky. Part of ESO's Gigagalaxy Zoom Project, the mosaicked images were recorded over several months of 2008 and 2009 at exceptional astronomical sites; the Atacama Desert in the southern hemisphere and the Canary Islands in the northern hemisphere. Also capturing bright planets and even a comet, the individual frames were stitched together and mapped into a single, flat, apparently seamless 360 by 180 degree view. The final result is oriented so the plane of our galaxy runs horizontally through the middle with the bulging Galactic Center at image center. Below and right of center are the Milky Way's satellite galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

16. Milky Way
Our Sun is a medium-sized star within a spiral galaxy of stars known as the Milky Way.
Our magnificent Milky Way Galaxy sprawls across this ambitious all-sky panorama. In fact, at 800 million pixels the full resolution mosaic strives to show all the stars the eye can see in planet Earth's night sky. Part of ESO's Gigagalaxy Zoom Project, the mosaicked images were recorded over several months of 2008 and 2009 at exceptional astronomical sites; the Atacama Desert in the southern hemisphere and the Canary Islands in the northern hemisphere. Also capturing bright planets and even a comet, the individual frames were stitched together and mapped into a single, flat, apparently seamless 360 by 180 degree view. The final result is oriented so the plane of our galaxy runs horizontally through the middle with the bulging Galactic Center at image center. Below and right of center are the Milky Way's satellite galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

17. Milky Way
Our Sun is a medium-sized star within a spiral galaxy of stars known as the Milky Way.
Our galaxy contains billions of stars, and the universe contains billions of such galaxies.
Our magnificent Milky Way Galaxy sprawls across this ambitious all-sky panorama. In fact, at 800 million pixels the full resolution mosaic strives to show all the stars the eye can see in planet Earth's night sky. Part of ESO's Gigagalaxy Zoom Project, the mosaicked images were recorded over several months of 2008 and 2009 at exceptional astronomical sites; the Atacama Desert in the southern hemisphere and the Canary Islands in the northern hemisphere. Also capturing bright planets and even a comet, the individual frames were stitched together and mapped into a single, flat, apparently seamless 360 by 180 degree view. The final result is oriented so the plane of our galaxy runs horizontally through the middle with the bulging Galactic Center at image center. Below and right of center are the Milky Way's satellite galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

18. Stars Life Cycle Stars have a life cycle. September 26, 2019 Astronomy
A jewel of the southern sky, the Great Carina Nebula, aka NGC 3372, spans over 300 light-years, one of our Galaxy's largest star forming regions. Like the smaller, more northerly Great Orion Nebula, the Carina Nebula is easily visible to the unaided eye, though at a distance of 7,500 light-years it is some 5 times farther away. This stunning telescopic view from the 2.2-meter ESO/MPG telescope La Silla Observatory in Chile reveals remarkable details of the region's glowing filaments of interstellar gas and dark cosmic dust clouds. The Carina Nebula is home to young, extremely massive stars, including the still enigmatic variable Eta Carinae, a star with well over 100 times the mass of the Sun. Eta Carinae is the bright star left of the central dark notch in this field and near the dusty Keyhole Nebula (NGC 3324).
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

19. Stars Life Cycle Stars have a life cycle. September 26, 2019 Astronomy
A jewel of the southern sky, the Great Carina Nebula, aka NGC 3372, spans over 300 light-years, one of our Galaxy's largest star forming regions. Like the smaller, more northerly Great Orion Nebula, the Carina Nebula is easily visible to the unaided eye, though at a distance of 7,500 light-years it is some 5 times farther away. This stunning telescopic view from the 2.2-meter ESO/MPG telescope La Silla Observatory in Chile reveals remarkable details of the region's glowing filaments of interstellar gas and dark cosmic dust clouds. The Carina Nebula is home to young, extremely massive stars, including the still enigmatic variable Eta Carinae, a star with well over 100 times the mass of the Sun. Eta Carinae is the bright star left of the central dark notch in this field and near the dusty Keyhole Nebula (NGC 3324).
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

20. Stars Life Cycle Stars have a life cycle.
The first stage in a star's life cycle is a protostar.
A jewel of the southern sky, the Great Carina Nebula, aka NGC 3372, spans over 300 light-years, one of our Galaxy's largest star forming regions. Like the smaller, more northerly Great Orion Nebula, the Carina Nebula is easily visible to the unaided eye, though at a distance of 7,500 light-years it is some 5 times farther away. This stunning telescopic view from the 2.2-meter ESO/MPG telescope La Silla Observatory in Chile reveals remarkable details of the region's glowing filaments of interstellar gas and dark cosmic dust clouds. The Carina Nebula is home to young, extremely massive stars, including the still enigmatic variable Eta Carinae, a star with well over 100 times the mass of the Sun. Eta Carinae is the bright star left of the central dark notch in this field and near the dusty Keyhole Nebula (NGC 3324).
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

21. Main Sequence
The second stage in a star's life cycle is the main sequence stage.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

22. Main Sequence
The second stage in a star's life cycle is the main sequence stage.
A medium-sized star becomes first a white dwarf and then a black dwarf.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

23. Main Sequence
The second stage in a star's life cycle is the main sequence stage.
A medium-sized star becomes first a white dwarf and then a black dwarf.
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Astronomy

24. The Rosette Nebula
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Astronomy

25. The Rosette Nebula
Stars form when gravity causes clouds of molecules to contract until nuclear fusion of light elements into heavier ones occurs.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

26. Ring Nebula Deep Field September 26, 2019 Astronomy
A familiar sight to sky enthusiasts with even a small telescope, the Ring Nebula (M57) is some 2,000 light-years away in the musical constellation Lyra. The central ring is about one light-year across, but this remarkably deep exposure - a collaborative effort combining data from three different telescopes - explores the looping filaments of glowing gas extending much farther from the nebula's central star. Of course, in this well-studied example of a planetary nebula, the glowing material does not come from planets. Instead, the gaseous shroud represents outer layers expelled from a dying, sun-like star. This remarkable composite image includes narrowband image data recording the Ring's atomic hydrogen emission (shown as violet) in visible light and molecular hydrogen emission (shown as red) at near infrared wavelengths. The much more distant spiral galaxy IC 1296 is also visible at the upper right.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

27. Young Stars in the Rho Ophiuchi Cloud
Cosmic dust clouds and embedded newborn stars glow at infrared wavelengths in this tantalizing false-color view from the Spitzer Space Telescope. Pictured is of one of the closest star forming regions, part of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex some 400 light-years distant near the southern edge of the pronounceable constellation Ophiuchus. The view spans about 5 light-years at that estimated distance. After forming along a large cloud of cold molecular hydrogen gas, newborn stars heat the surrounding dust to produce the infrared glow. An exploration of the region in penetrating infrared light has detected some 300 emerging and newly formed stars whose average age is estimated to be a mere 300,000 years -- extremely young compared to the Sun's age of 5 billion years.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

28. Stars Young and Old September 26, 2019 Astronomy
Galactic or open star clusters are relatively young. These swarms of stars are born near the plane of the Milky Way, but their numbers steadily dwindle as cluster members are strewn through the Galaxy by gravitational interactions. This bright open cluster, known as M46, is around 300 million years young and still contains a few hundred stars within its span of 30 light-years or so. Located about 5,000 light-years away toward the constellation Puppis, M46 also seems to contain a contradiction to its youthful status. In the lovely starscape, the colorful, circular patch just below the center of M46 (also inset at upper left) is the planetary nebula NGC Planetary nebulae are a brief, final phase in the life of a solar-type star a few billion years old whose central reservoir of hydrogen fuel has been exhausted. In fact, old NGC 2438 is estimated to be only 3,000 light-years distant and moves at a different speed than M46 cluster members. It likely represents a foreground object, only by chance appearing along our line-of-sight to young M46.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

29. Crab Pulsar Wind Nebula
The Crab Pulsar, a city-sized, magnetized neutron star spinning 30 times a second, lies at the center of this remarkable image from the orbiting Chandra Observatory. The deep x-ray image gives the first clear view of the convoluted boundaries of the Crab's pulsar wind nebula. Like a cosmic dynamo the pulsar powers the x-ray emission. The pulsar's energy accelerates charged particles, producing eerie, glowing x-ray jets directed away from the poles and an intense wind in the equatorial direction. Intriguing edges are created as the charged particles stream away, eventually losing energy as they interact with the pulsar's strong magnetic field. With more mass than the Sun and the density of an atomic nucleus, the spinning pulsar itself is the collapsed core of a massive star. The stellar core collapse resulted in a supernova explosion that was witnessed in the year This Chandra image spans just under 9 light-years at the Crab's estimated distance of 6,000 light-years.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy

30. The Crab Nebula from Hubble
This is the mess that is left when a star explodes. The Crab Nebula, the result of a supernova seen in 1054 AD, is filled with mysterious filaments. The filaments are not only tremendously complex, but appear to have less mass than expelled in the original supernova and a higher speed than expected from a free explosion. The above image, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, is presented in three colors chosen for scientific interest. The Crab Nebula spans about 10 light-years. In the nebula's very center lies a pulsar: a neutron star as massive as the Sun but with only the size of a small town. The Crab Pulsar rotates about 30 times each second.
September 26, 2019
Astronomy