1. The Respiratory System

2. Functions Respiration: “breathing”
Ventilation: moving air into and out of the lungs
External respiration: gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood
Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
Internal respiration: gas exchange between blood and the tissues

3. Functions
Breathing provides oxygen needed in cellular respiration to make ATP from glucose, gets rid of CO2
Regulation of blood pH: alter pH by changing blood carbon dioxide levels
Production of chemical mediators: lungs make an enzyme to help regulate blood pressure
Voice production: air moving past vocal folds makes sound and speech possible
Olfaction: sensation of smell occurs when airborne molecules are drawn into the nasal cavity

4. Organs of the respiratory system
Trachea
Bronchus (bronchi)
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Pleura
Diaphragm
Nose / mouth
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs

6. Mouth & Nose Nose: Nasal Cavity: hollow space behind the nose
Brings air into the body
Nasal hairs in nostrils trap dust
Nasal Cavity: hollow space behind the nose
Nasal Septum: dividing the cavity from left to right
Nasal Conchae: bones and processes that curl to each side of the pathway
Goblet cells: secret mucus

8. Nasal cavity Warms & moistens air
Glands that produce sticky mucus line the nasal cavity
traps dust, pollen, and other materials that were not trapped by nasal hairs
cilia sweep mucus and trapped material to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed

9. Paranasal Sinuses Around the nasal sinuses Lined with mucus
Help reduce the weight of the skill
Helps with quality of the voice

10. Pharynx Tube-like passageway used by food, liquid, and air
At the lower end of the pharynx is a flap of tissue called the epiglottis
covers the layrnx during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs
Glottis: between vocal cord, covers trachea

11. Larynx
“Voice box”
The airway to which two pairs of horizontal folds of tissue, called vocal cords, are attached

12. Trachea Air-conducting tube Connects the larynx with the bronchi
Lined with mucous membranes and cilia
Contains strong cartilage rings

14. Lung Anatomy

15. Bronchi Two short tubes that branch off the lower end of the trachea
Carry air into the lungs.
Singular - bronchus

16. Bronchioles Tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs
Connect bronchi to alveoli

17. Alveoli
Tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the end of each bronchiole
Surrounded by capillaries
Where carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange take place
Singular - alveolus

19. Diffusion

20. Pleura Membrane lining the lungs and chest cavity
Visceral: covering the lungs
Parietal pleura: outside layer
Pleural cavity: “space” between visceral pleura and parietal pleura

21. Diaphragm
Muscle wall between the chest and the abdomen that the body uses for breathing

23. Driving instructions
You are a school bus driver. You drive around molecules of oxygen.
You are going to be gone for a trip, so you have to leave instructions for your “sub” to drive your bus.
What directions would you give them?
You have to take the oxygen and exchange it for carbon dioxide.

25. Relationship to digestive system
Cellular respiration requires glucose and oxygen to release energy to the body
C6H12O6  +  6O2    6CO2  +  6 H2O  +  Energy
Oxygen is provided by the respiratory system
Glucose is provided by the digestive system
(glucose is made during photosynthesis)