1. Fig. 5 n-HA regulates gene expressions related to tumor suppression, calcium homeostasis, and immune response.
n-HA regulates gene expressions related to tumor suppression, calcium homeostasis, and immune response. (A) Volcano plot showing differentially regulated genes in the n-HA–treated tumor tissue as compared to the nontreated control. Genes with an absolute fold change of >2 and a P value of <0.05 are highlighted in green and red, denoting down- and up-regulated genes, respectively. (B) Gene set enrichment analysis of the regulated gene pathways with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. NES, normalized enrichment score. (C) Circular visualization of the results of gene-annotation enrichment analysis. (D) Heat map of genes that were differentially expressed in n-HA versus control tumor tissues with a fold change of >2 and a P value of <0.05. (E) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of inflammatory cytokines secreted by mouse RAW macrophages into culture medium (macrophages conditioned medium) after 3 days of coculturing with n-HA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared to control, two-way t test. Error bars represent SD. n = 3 biological replicates. TGF-β, transforming growth factor–β; FGF, fibroblast growth factor. (F) Wound healing assay of mouse 4T1 tumor cells treated with control medium (Ctrl), n-HA, macrophages conditioned medium (CM), or macrophages conditioned medium with n-HA for 24 hours. (G) Transwell assay after crystal violet staining showing serum-induced migration of 4T1 tumor cells treated with Ctrl, n-HA, CM, or for 24 hours.
Kun Zhang et al. Sci Adv 2019;5:eaax6946
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