1. RYA Instructor Conference South Africa 2019
RADAR – Our most effective, forgotten electronic device
Andy Wright
Yachtmaster Instructor Trainer
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

2. Aim Objectives Aim and Objectives
To introduce teaching RADAR concepts, with and without a RADAR available.
Objectives
Explain the key RADAR Concepts
Discuss and show examples of how RADAR concepts can be taught
Demonstrate some practical examples
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

3. RADAR Myths Microwaves are bad for people RADARS use lots of power……
Raymarine Magnatron
3 Amps transmitting
1.5 Amps standby
Raymarine Quantum (FMCW)
1.4 Amps transmitting
0.6 Amps Standby
RADAR Scanners effect a vessels stability
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

4. What does the RYA ask us to Examine at YM Offshore level?..................
Absolute basics
Position
Navigation and Pilotage
Rule 5 (Lookout)
Rule 6 (Safe Speed)
Rule 7 (Risk of collision)
Rule 19 (Restricted Visibility)
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

5. What to our students need to know…………
Absolute basics:
After turning on…
Heading mode in use (HU,NU,CU)
Can identify and describe the basic use of EBL, VRM
Knowledge of gain, rain and sea clutter controls but understands that auto settings are usually sufficient on modern sets.
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

6. Position VRM for position fixing
knowledge of the impact of topography on ability to use radar in pilotage waters
understand reasons for avoiding using an EBL for position fixing due beam width error and accuracy of bearing due display mode (Head up (relative bearing), North up (true bearing), Course up (pretend true if ground stabilised)
when using radar range and bearing is suitable e.g. with Racon or LANBY.
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

7. RADAR Concepts Collisions – Head up Navigation – North Up
EBL
CPA
TCPA
Relative speed and motion
Navigation – North Up
Range and bearing
VRM fix
Pilotage
VRM Parallel index
Weather – Head up or North up
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

8. But first this………………. The 6 minute rule
6 minutes is 1/10th of an hour.
In 6 minutes at 6 knots you travel 0.6 Nm
In 6 minutes at 10 knots you travel 1.0 Nm
In 6 minutes at 25 knots you travel 2.5 Nm
So we always plot in 6 minute intervals
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

9. Using the EBL for collisions avoidance
It’s a great way to check the crews bearings
It gets us using the RADAR
It allows us to make a decision early about a collision
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

10. Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

11. 000 8
6 nm
1 nm
1200 – 040
1206 – 041
EBL

12. 000 8
6 nm
1 nm
1200 – 318
1206 – 313
EBL

13. 000 8
6 nm
1 nm
1200 – 027
1206 – 025
EBL

14. 000 8
6 nm
1 nm
1200 – 300
1206 – 302
CPA 1.2 nm

15. O – W – A What does it mean?
When we are plotting we have letters to help us remember what is going on!
Maybe remember a simple plot to show students on a course?
O = ‘Original’ Plot of the contact
W = Signifies ‘Way’
A = Signifies ‘Another’
O – W is ‘Own Way’
W – A is ‘Way of Another’
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

16. A W O Head Up CPA 1.2 nm Vessels true course 050
000 8
6 nm
1 nm
Head Up
1200 – 300
1206 – 302
Vessels true course 050
(add you hdg to other ships heading – its relative!)
Vessels true Speed 2.5miles (in 12 mins) – 12.5 knts O A
CPA 1.2 nm W

17. 120 10
6 nm
1 nm x
North Up
CPA 1nm
Target true heading 090 T W A O

18. VRM 3.5 miles
VRM – will give a 3 point fix

19. Range: 3.67
Bearing: 048

20. True and relative motion
RADAR sets can display true or relative motion
Sets on small boats can usually only display relative due to input restrictions (Compass, GPS)
The problem we have is that we stay stationary (seemingly) in the centre of the RADAR screen.
Of course we know we’re moving, and the targets around us are moving, so they're moving relatively to us. When we avoiding collisions (or not!) we need to make the picture (or plotting sheet) into true motion.
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

21. O A W

22. Head Up O A W

23. O
W & A
Head Up

24. The boat you’re teach on doesn’t have a RADAR? – no problem…………
Counters to simulate true and relative motion (using plotting sheet)
Draw EBL on a plotting sheet with CPA:
Demonstrating a collision situation
Vessel passing ahead and astern
Demonstrate a VRM 3 point fix
Demonstrate a VRM Range and Bearing
Draw a collision using a O, W, A Triangle (CPA, TCPA, boat speed and aspect)
Use a VRM to run along a wall or coastline
Head up and North up Plots
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

25. What else can we say about RADAR?
Mini Automatic RADAR Plotting Aid (MARPA)
How to acquire targets
What information it gives us
Limitations
Number of contacts
Symbols and vectors
Trails
Tracking weather
Rule 19
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

26. Rule 19
Don’t turn to Port
Don’t turn towards the vessel

27. Now its time to get creative…………
Using the assorted bits and pieces scattered around, have a go in small groups re-creating some of the RADAR concepts we have looked at?
Demonstrate a EBL on a contact with various CPA
Create a OWA plot
Make a Rule 19 plotting sheet place various vessels to test the correct decision
Re-create the true / relative motion scenario
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

28. Summary
Aim
To introduce teaching RADAR concepts onboard with no RADAR available
I hope the session has been useful and inspired you to explore how to teach some RADAR concepts without a RADAR.
Any questions????????
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests

29. Back to Vaughan……
Protecting your Rights, Promoting your Interests