5. News report

7. India’s birth and death rates in the 20th century
Year
Birth rate
Death rate
1901
49.2
42.6
1911
48.1
47.2
1921
46.4
36.3
1931
45.2
31.2
1941
39.9
27.4
1951
41.7
22.8
1961
41.2 19
1971
37.1
14.8
1981
33.9
12.5
1991
29.5
9.8
2001 26 9
2010
21.7
7.6

8. A comparative line graph to show the B/R and D/R for India from 1901 - 2010
Per 1000 / year
Year

9. Using the Case Study, To what extent does India appear to follow the Demographic transition model?
(4 marks)

13. Using the Case Study, To what extent does India appear to follow the Demographic transition model?
(4 marks)

14. What are the main types of migration?

15. What are the main types of migration?
Migration can be permanent, temporary, voluntary or forced. It can be international or internal.

16. Urban - rural INTERNAL Rural - urban VOLUNTARY International Economic
Temporary movement
INTERNAL
Rural - urban
VOLUNTARY
STRONG PULL FACTORS
International
Economic
MIGRATION
Refugees
International
FORCED
STRONG PUSH FACTORS
Internal
After a natural Hazard

17. Impacts of Migration Impacts can: be positive and negative.
Affect the host and source countries
Be categorised further into
demographic,
Social,
Economic,
environmental,
health and
political.

18. sort the impacts on the Host and Origin Country:
Demographic, Social, Economic, Environmental, Health, Political
And then colour code positive and negative

19. Impacts of migration

20. Sort the cards into the appropriate sections
Impacts on Origin or Source Country
Impacts on Destination or Host country
Demographics 2
Social 4
Economic 3
Environmental
Health
Political

21. Impacts on Origin or source Country
Impacts on destination or host country D
Population density and birth rates fall as young, economically active migrants move to improve their quality of life. .2
An influx of young, economically active migrants increase the birth rates and decrease the potential for an ageing population. 2 S
Remittance payments help fund education and improvements to living standards.
Family structures can break down and the dependency ratio (number of dependents compared to working population) can increase as the elderly people become left behind. 4
Multicultural societies can encourage tolerance of migrants, add to the vibrancy of urban life, create fusion of ideas and extend cultural experience.
Ghettoised ethnic areas encourage segregation and intolerance.
Pressure over jobs and housing can cause friction Ec
Remittances are sent home and migrants learn new skills for the workplace.
The loss of workers and ‘brain drain’ (the emigration of well educated and qualified workers) reduces the capacity for economic development.
An abundance of labour leads to economic development. 3 En
Environmental pressure is reduced as fewer people take resources from their home environment.
Additional money generated through private companies and taxation. Is available to fund environmental projects. HE
Migrants are often young and relatively healthy, leaving older or less healthy relatives and friends behind.
New illnesses and diseases can be introduced by a migrant community. Po
Policies to discourage migration and encourage Natural increase may be developed to counter the impacts of migrants leaving.
Extremists views can often surface as a result of the influx of migrats, causing issues for governments.

22. Impacts on Origin or source Country
Impacts on destination or host country D
Population density and birth rates fall as young, economically active migrants move to improve their quality of life.
Issues associated with overpopulation are resolved,although the potential for an ageing population is increased.
An influx of young, economically active migrants increase the birth rates and decrease the potential for an ageing population.
Retirement migration increases the proportion of elderly residents in some places. S
Remittance payments help fund education and improvements to living standards.
Returning migrants bring new ideas and generate social change.
Family structures can break down and the dependency ratio (number of dependents compared to working population) can increase as the elderly people become left behind.
A loss of Culture cash be experienced and returning migrants may struggle to resettle and bring unwanted changes home with them.
Multicultural societies can encourage tolerance of migrants, add to the vibrancy of urban life, create fusion of ideas and extend cultural experience.
Local cultures can become diluted as new migrants brings their own cultures with them.
Ghettoised ethnic areas encourage segregation and intolerance.
Local services may struggle to deal with the influx of new people and languages.
Pressure over jobs and housing can cause friction Ec
Remittances are sent home and migrants learn new skills for the workplace.
Pressure on resources, such as food, is reduced.
The loss of workers and ‘brain drain’ (the emigration of well educated and qualified workers) reduces the capacity for economic development.
Fewer private companies are attracted to the country, increasing the dependence on government and leading to higher taxation.
Migrants fill gaps in the workplace and take up less desirable jobs. This keeps agriculture and food processing prices low, but as a result migrants have low wages and often live in poor conditions.
An abundance of labour leads to economic development.
New services and housing requirements create further jobs and wealth En
Environmental pressure is reduced as fewer people take resources from their home environment.
Reduced economic development may put the environment at risk as new initiatives focus on generating income.
Environmental pressure is increased as more people take resources from the environment and new houses are built on greenfield sites.
Additional money generated through private companies and taxation. Is available to fund environmental projects. HE
Migrants are often young and relatively healthy, leaving older or less healthy relatives and friends behind.
Retirement migration involves older people moving away from an area with a higher potential for degenerative illnesses.
New illnesses and diseases can be introduced by a migrant community.
Some migrants have difficult journeys and may arrive with health issues associated with the journey e.g. malnutrition, dehydration and exhaustion. Po
Policies to discourage migration and encourage Natural increase may be developed to counter the impacts of migrants leaving.
The mass migration of young people may lead to economic decline, which would necessitate political intervention and potentially require international support
Controls on immigration may be required to maintain economic standards and public order.
Extremists views can often surface as a result of the influx of migrants, causing issues for governments.

23. Case Study: Polish Migration to the UK
Causes (Push and Pull)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Host
Read The GeoFile:
Highlight the Ads / Disads in the appropriate colours
Add bullet points to a sheet like this to sum up your points
Impacts
Source

24. Migration from the A8 countries has been the subject of great debate in the UK.
Concerns ranged over the costs of supporting poor Polish migrants, of Poles taking jobs from British workers, of young Poles behaving badly, of the growth of Catholicism in Britain, of road signs appearing in Polish, and so on.
More academic analysis has suggested that the new migrants are beneficial to the UK in several ways:
• £2.54bn is contributed to the economy annually by eastern European immigrants in the UK.
• Migrants have contributed 0.5 to 1% of the UK’s economic growth in 2005 and 2006.
• 80% of new migrants are working people between the ages of 18 and 35. This offsets the
tendency for the UK’s population to age, addressing the difficulties in providing for an ageing population. National Insurance contributions would have to be higher if immigration was lower.
• The Bank of England stated that migration had helped to prevent the rapid rise in oil prices from causing a damaging surge of inflation, which allowed interest rates to remain lower than they otherwise would have been. Ernst & Young estimated that the cost of borrowing and of mortgages would be 0.5% higher if it were not for the migrants.
• The new migrants are stereotypically hard-working, enthusiastic, skilled and flexible.

25. Reasons for Polish Migration
Push Factors
Pull Factors
Polish unemployment of 18.2% in 2005
40% unemployment in some Rural Polish areas, with youth unemployment high
In Poland annual GDP per head in 2006 was around $12,700
Desire to experience life abroad and to learn or
improve their spoken English
UK unemployment rate of 5.1% in 2005
UK skill shortages in tourism and especially construction, and unskilled labour needed in farming
The average number of job vacancies in the UK for the three months to January was 607,900
GDP of $30,900 in the UK in 2006
The UK, along with Ireland and Sweden, were the only three countries in the EU not to restrict immigration from the A8 following accession

26. In Pursuit of the Polish Pound
Homework: read the following article.
-analysis-pursuit-polish- pound/654321?DCMP=ILC- SEARCH&preferredformat=mobile

27. INsert scan of questions for homework
Q4.4 - Research
Q4.5
Plus Skills questions

28. Jan d
Discuss the usefulness of AT LEAST TWO population measures (such as birth rate, death rate, fertility rate, infant mortality rate, life expectancy, migration rate and population density) as indicators of development (9 marks)

29. What would the mark scheme expect?

30. What would the mark scheme expect?
Reference to what the measure is
How it varies between different countries
Ways in which it is useful as an indicator of development.
Its usefulness should be established but also questioned.
Reference to specific examples.
Reference to working together rather than on their own.