1. Reconstruction
Chapter 20

2. Reconstruction
Process of reuniting the nation and rebuilding the South without slavery.
Lasted from 1865 to 1877.

3. Lincoln’s Plan
Offer amnesty to southerners who took a loyalty oath, and accepted a ban on slavery.
When 10% of voters had made pledges, state could form government and apply for readmission.

4. Wade-Davis Bill State had to ban slavery.
Majority of adult males had to take loyalty oath.
Confederate supporters could not vote or hold office.

5. Johnson as President
Gave amnesty to southerners who took loyalty oath and denounced slavery.
Required former Confederate officials to receive a presidential pardon for amnesty.
Issued over 7,000 pardons.

6. Johnson’s Plan
States must write new Constitution, elect new officials to Congress.
Must declare secession illegal.
States could not repay war debts.
Congress Angry
Confederate officials were elected to Congress.
Refused to readmit reconstructed states.

7. Radical Republican Plan
Placed South under military control.
Required states to guarantee right to vote to African-American men.
Johnson is impeached but not removed from office.

8. Reconstruction Election of 1868
Republicans Select U.S. Grant as their 1868 presidential nominee
Grant is a supporter of congressional reconstruction
His campaign slogan is “Let Us Have Peace”

10. Johnson vs. Congress Freedmen’s Bureau Bill
Johnson vetoes bill expanding the powers of the Freedmen’s Bureau, says African-Americans do not need assistance.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Johnson vetoed act, Congress overrides veto.

11. The Black Codes
Laws that limited freedom of African-Americans passed in southern states.
Must sign work contracts that created working conditions similar to slavery.
State governments were racist. Institutionalized Racism

12. Thirteenth Amendment

13. The Freedmen’s Bureau
Established by Congress in 1865 to provide relief to poor southerners, especially African-Americans.
Bureau helped to promote education by building schools.

14. Fourteenth Amendment
Defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection of the laws to citizens.
States could not deny citizens “life, liberty or property” without due process.
Banned former Confederate officials from holding state or federal office
Made state laws subject to review by federal courts.

15. The Fifteenth Amendment
Guaranteed African-American men the right to vote.
Men only

16. Election of 1876
Republican: Rutherford B. Hayes (Ohio Gov.) VS Democrat: Samuel J. Tilden (New York Gov.)
Initially Tilden appears to have won but the Republicans contest the electoral votes of Florida, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Oregon

17. Election of 1876
Due to the close results of the election, a special commission of 5 congressmen and 5 Supreme Court Judges are given the responsibility to decide which way the votes will be cast

19. Compromise of 1877
They decide to give the votes to Hayes and he becomes the 19th President of the US
In order to solidify the election of 1876 the Democrats and Republicans agree to the Compromise of 1877
Republicans Get
Democrats Get
-Democrats agree to accept Hayes’ selection as president
All federal troops removed from the south
Funding for improvements to the southern infrastructure
Appointment of a democrat to the pres. cabinet

20. Legal Segregation
As democrats regain control of southern state governments they began to instill legalized segregation, the forced separation of whites and blacks
These new laws that required segregation were called Jim Crow Laws

21. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
A Louisiana black man (Homer Plessy) refused to leave the whites only section of a train and was arrested because of it.
Plessy claimed that this violated his equal protection under the constitution

22. Ruling on Plessy v. Fergson
The supreme court ruled that “separate but equal” segregation was legal
The separate part was enforced by the states but not so much the equal part
These policies are legal until 1954 with the court case of Brown vs. Board of Education, that’s 58 years

23. Republicans Lose Power
As former Confederate states start to get readmitted to the union the Democrats gain power in congress
In 1872 the General Amnesty Act was passed which allowed former confederates to hold office