1. STARTER: Knowledge Quiz (Back of your book)
What are the 6 main symptoms of schizophrenia?
What is the prevalence of schizophrenia?
Which sex is more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?
Which ethnic groups have low rates of diagnosis for schizophrenia?
What percentage of people with schizophrenia have been fully recovered within ten years?

2. STARTER: Knowledge Quiz ANSWERS
What are the 6 main symptoms of schizophrenia?
Thought disturbances
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganised speech
Catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms
What is the prevalence of schizophrenia?
1% of the population
Which sex is more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?
Neither – it affects both sexes equally
Which ethnic groups have low rates of diagnosis for schizophrenia?
Asian groups
What percentage of people with schizophrenia have been fully recovered within ten years?
25%

3. New Learning: Understand how a person gets a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Next step: Exploring theories on schizophrenia
Learning
path
Progress Step 3
EXPLORE & EVALUATE:
How symptoms are presented and how they affect individuals
Success
Conduct a case study using the ‘Living with Schizophrenia’ worksheet and watching the documentary on the website: .
Progress Step 2
EXPLORE & REPRESENT:
The symptoms of schizophrenia
Success:
Create a leaflet for a psychiatrist’s waiting room outlining the symptoms of schizophrenia.
Progress Step 1
EXPLORE & PRESENT:
Key terms within the symptoms of schizophrenia
Success:
Research the meanings of new words in the table of symptoms, and create a glossary of them.
Make sure that you have a clear definition for each.
RESOURCES: have your textbook and go to

4. Our Plan Lessons Focus Catch-up Home Learning support
Monday 29th October or Wednesday 31st October
Synoptic response (mocks)
Characteristics of schizophrenia
Home Learning booklet pages 29-36
Refer to model responses
Monday 5th November OR Wednesday 7th November
MOCK exam – 2 hours
Social Influence
Sleep & Dreaming
Memory (with essay response)
4. Research Methods
5. Criminal Psychology
Monday 12th November OR Wednesday 14th November
1. Biological theory of schizophrenia
2. Social Drift theory
Home Learning booklet
Pages 37-44
Pages 50-57
Refer to the website & ‘Check Your Understanding’ questions in the textbook
Monday 19th November OR Wednesday 21st November
Schizophrenia Research Study
Home Learning booklet pages 45-49
Monday 26th November OR Wednesday 28th Nov
Mock exam feedback
Characteristics of depression
Home Learning booklet pages 58-63
Monday 3rd December OR Wednesday 5th December
Biological theory of Clinical Depression
Psychological explanation of depression
Pages 64-71
Pages 79-87
Monday 10th December OR Wednesday 12th December
Clinical Depression Research Study
Home Learning booklet pages 72-78
Monday 17th December OR Wednesday 19th Dec
Applications of Research – complete booklet pages
Home Learning booklet pages

5. Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanation
PART 1: MASTERCLASS
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanation
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND the dopamine hypothesis
EXPLAIN how the structure and functions of the brain relates to cognitions and behaviour
evaluate the biological theories of schizophrenia
Key Terms:
Neurotransmitter
Dopamine
Hippocampus

6. MOCK REVISION: Can you label any of the diagram?
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
Axon Terminal 1.
Synaptic vesicle
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia 2.
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Synaptic Cleft 3. 4.

7. MOCK REVISION: Can you label any of the diagram?
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

8. KEY TERMS
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
NEURON: Message centres in the brain and body that transport messages
SYNAPSE: The gap between each neuron
NEUROTRANSMITTER: The carriers of messages between the brain and body
DOPAMINE: A type of neurotransmitter involved with movement, perception, attention and mood
VESICLE: A sack to protect neurotransmitters when they are not carrying messages
RECEPTOR SITE: The part of a receiving neuron where neurotransmitters enter
REUPTAKE SITE: The part of a transmitting neuron where neurotransmitters return to, once the message is taken to the receiving neuron.
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

9. The Dopamine Hypothesis
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
One theory for explaining why some people have schizophrenia is the dopamine hypothesis.
This theory suggests that people with schizophrenia may have too much dopamine in their brains.
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
DISCUSS:
Explain why too much dopamine may cause the symptoms of schizophrenia

10. The Dopamine Hypothesis
TASK: Explain why too much dopamine may cause the symptoms of schizophrenia
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
Because dopamine affects __________, too much of it could cause ____________.
Because dopamine affects movement, too much of it could cause catatonic behaviour.
Because dopamine affects perception, too much of it could cause hallucinations.
Because dopamine affects attention, too much of it could cause thought disturbances.
Because dopamine affects mood, too much of it could cause negative symptoms.
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

11. Brain Dysfunction
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
Another explanation for Schizophrenia is brain dysfunction; when the brain does not work normally.
In people with schizophrenia, the prefrontal cortex (the control centre for the brain) appears to be defective. There is less blood flow here, less activity, and in some people it is smaller.
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
This means they may struggle with planning ahead, being organised and making accurate judgements.

12. Brain Dysfunction
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
The temporal lobes are also smaller in volume in some people with schizophrenia, due to less grey matter in this part of the brain.
Also smaller in volume, is the hippocampus. This is deep inside the brain and forms memories and the emotions associated with each memory.
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Some of this damage may have occurred in the womb, during development, but will not be seen until much later.

13. RECAP: Two explanations of schizophrenia so far, both from biology:
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
Two explanations of schizophrenia so far, both from biology:
Neurotransmitters (dopamine) can cause schizophrenia if there are too many
Brain dysfunction can cause schizophrenia if part of the brain isn’t working correctly
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

14. DISCUSS:
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
Are there any limitations/weaknesses/criticisms of these explanations?
Make some notes in your book from your discussion.
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

15. Criticism 1:
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
Brain dysfunction may be an effect of schizophrenia, rather than the cause of the disorder.
WHY?
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

16. Criticism 2:
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
Many critics say biological explanations are too deterministic.
What does this mean?
If something is deterministic, this means that a person has no choice over it – they have no free will
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

17. Criticism 3:
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
Some critics argue that biological explanations are reductionist.
What does this mean?
If something is reductionist, this means other explanations are being ignored
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

18. Criticism 4:
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
The biological explanation only focuses on the effects of nature, and ignores the effects of nurture.
Why is this a criticism?
This forms part of the nature-nurture debate in psychology
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

19. Criticism 5:
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
Schizophrenia may be too broad a label for such a diverse set of symptoms.
How is this a criticism?
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

20. EXAM QUESTION:
Schizophrenia: The Biological Explanations
Outline two criticisms of the biological explanation of schizophrenia. [2 marks] or [4 marks]
LO: Explain the biological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND THE DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
EXPLAIN HOW THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN RELATES TO COGNITIONS AND BEHAVIOUR
EVALUATE THE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Only a brief answer is needed for 2 marks, as 1 mark is awarded for each criticism
More detail is needed for 4 marks, as there are 2 marks available for each criticism

21. Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
PART 2: MASTERCLASS
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
understand how social drift theory explains schizophrenia
evaluate the psychological theory of schizophrenia
Compare and contrast both psychological and biological theories
Key Terms:
Social Drift
Disengagement of Individuals
Rejection from society

22. MASTERCLASS SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY:
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY:
The idea that individuals drift to the bottom of society when they have a mental health problem, as it takes away any status they may have.
What does this mean?
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

23. Explanation
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
Why does this theory exist? This theory tries to explain between social class and schizophrenia because working class people are 5 times more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, than higher social classes. Those in higher social classes who receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia, tend to lose their status and fall to lower classes.
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

24. Explanation
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
How does this theory explain schizophrenia? When people begin to develop schizophrenia and lose touch with reality, they begin to ignore society as it does not make sense to them. This means they do not complete ‘normal’ activities and may not be motivated by the rewards that others are. Social Drift Theory suggests that people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia get caught in a downward spiral of poverty and loss of status.
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

25. DISENGAGEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS
SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
DISENGAGEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS
(when people withdraw from groups and activities)
REJECTION BY SOCIETY
(when the majority does not accept and actively excludes certain individuals)
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

26. RECAP: SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY:
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY:
The idea that individuals drift to the bottom of society when they have a mental health problem, as it takes away any status they may have.
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

27. TASK:
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
Outline how social drift theory can explain schizophrenia. (4 marks)
For full marks, you must write at least 4 sentences, and include the following key terms: disengagement of individuals, rejection by society
CHALLENGE: Explain how the symptoms of schizophrenia could lead to disengagement or rejection to boost this to a 6 mark answer
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES
Symptom
How does it lead to disengaging?
How does it lead to rejection?

28. PEER ASSESSMENT:
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
1 mark: explanation of a spiral between poverty and social class 2 marks: used disengagement of individuals and rejection by society as part of the cycle 3 marks: the definition of one key term included 4 marks: the definitions of both key terms included CHALLENGE - 6 marks: a link to at least one symptom for each key term
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

29. CRITICISMS:
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
There are problems with establishing cause and effect in social drift theory
Social Drift Theory suggests that people with schizophrenia drift into the lower classes, but an alternative theory (social causation) suggests that people become schizophrenic because they are in lower classes and deal with more stressors and triggers e.g. poverty, living in deprived areas, crime and discrimination.
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES
YOU MUST KNOW THIS POINT!!

30. CRITICISMS: There may be a BIAS in diagnoses.
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
There may be a BIAS in diagnoses.
The theory suggests that people with schizophrenia are in or become the lower classes. However, it could be that people in lower classes are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia because of biases with professionals. E.g. people in lower classes may be thought to be more likely to have schizophrenia because of everyday stress, but someone in a higher class may just be seen as ‘eccentric’. Psychologists are usually higher classes and may not wish to associate the stigma of schizophrenia with their own class.
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

31. CRITICISMS: There is too much focus on the role of society
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
There is too much focus on the role of society
The theory only looks at social class as a psychological explanation, and does not look at factors like the family. There has been research to suggest that families expressing high levels of emotions, or conflict within the family can also cause schizophrenia.
This theory ignores biological explanations
Society may make schizophrenia worse, but the disorder must still start from somewhere, and a lot of evidence suggests dopamine and the brain are root causes.
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

32. CRITICISMS:
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
Physical factors associated with lower social classes may instead be the cause of schizophrenia
Complications during pregnancy or childbirth could also be causes of schizophrenia, as can poor diet and nutrition as a child grows up. These are more commonly found in lower class families within society.
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

33. STRENGTH:
Schizophrenia: The Psychological Explanation
This is a straightforward explanation with evidence to support it
Approximately one third of homeless people suffer with a mental health disorder, and it is estimated that a large number have schizophrenia.
BUT
Does being homeless cause schizophrenia? Or does schizophrenia lead to being homeless?
LO: Explain the psychological causes of schizophrenia
UNDERSTAND HOW SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY EXPLAINS SCHIZOPHRENIA
EVALUATE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMPARE AND CONTRAST BOTH PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

34. Explanations of Schizophrenia
WORKSHOP
Explanations of Schizophrenia
LO: Compare the biological & psychological theories of schizophrenia
EXPLAIN THE BIOLOGOCAL theory OF schizophrenia
EXPLAIN & EVALUATE THE SOCIAL DRIFT THEORY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Compare and contrast THE psychological and biological theories OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Key Terms:
Social Drift
Disengagement of Individuals
Rejection from society

35. BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
THE TWO EXPLANATIONS
TO SCHIZOPHRENIA 1. 2. 3.
WHICH EXPLANATION IS STRONGER? EXPLAIIN WHY.
NEUROTRANSMITTERS (DOPAMINE)
SOCIAL DRIFY THEORY
BRAIN DYSFUNCTION
CRITCISMS 1.
Explanation/example: 2. 3. 4.
CRITCISMS 1.
Explanation/example: 2. 3. 4.