1. Physiological effects of heat shock.
Physiological effects of heat shock. Immediate consequences of thermal stress are depicted as described in the text. Relevant proteins are depicted as colored balls. Three response pathways are shown to be induced by heat shock: the CWI (cell wall integrity) pathway, the ESR (environmental stress response), and the HSR (heat shock response). The physiological effects of ceramide and long-chain base synthesis and accumulation after heat shock are unknown.
Jacob Verghese et al. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2012; doi: /MMBR