1. 5.2 Salts
By the end of section 5.2 you should be able to understand the following:
Salts are compounds that include the ionic compounds that form when acids and bases react.
When acids and bases react, the process is called neutralization. Forms a salt and a water.
Oxides reacting with acids, and carbonates reacting with acids, can also form salts.
Metal oxides react with water to form bases, and non-metal oxides react with water to form acids.

2. Salt crystals in Death Valley
5.2 Salts
Salts are ionic compounds formed when:
Acids + bases react
Oxides or carbonates react with acids
Metals react with acids.
Table salt, (NaCl) is only one kind of salt:
is found in seawater, salt lakes or rock deposits.
Salts are found in many things: in batteries, explosives, fertilizers, multivitamins and many living cells
Salt crystals in Death Valley

3. Acid-Base Neutralization
Neutralization reactions occur when an acid and a base react to produce a salt and water.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(s) + H2O( )
acid base salt water
Balance the following neutralization reaction.
H2SO4 + Al(OH)2  Al2(SO4)3 + H2O

4. Acids and Carbonates
Carbonates (CO3) neutralize acids, protecting locations with natural carbonate supplies from acid precipitation.
H2SO4(aq) + CaCO3(s)  CaSO4(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
sulphuric calcium calcium water carbon
acid carbonate sulphate dioxide
(egg shells and bones contain calcium carbonate – try putting an egg or chicken bone in vinegar for 3 days!)

5. Acids and Metals
The most reactive metals, at the bottom of groups 1 and 2, react vigorously with water and acids.
When metals do react with acids, H2 gas is usually released and a salt is formed.
2HCl(aq) + Mg(s)  MgCl2(s) + H2(g)

6. Oxides (Metal/Non-Metal)
What are oxides?
At least 1 Oxygen atom or ion + One or more other elements.
Both metals and non-metals can form oxides

7. Oxides (Metal/Non-Metal)
Metal oxides react with water to form bases.
Na2O(s) + H2O( )  2NaOH(aq)
Metal oxides are used in making fireworks
YOU TUBE:

8. Non-metal oxides react with water to form acidic solutions
SO2(g) + H2O( )  H2SO3(aq)
Non-metal oxides (SO2, NO2) are formed from the burning of fossil fuels
Add water in the atmosphere = acid precipitation
The effects of acid rain on a forest

10. Summary 1. Acids + Bases  2. Acids + Carbonates  3. Metal + Acid 
4. Metal oxide + water 
5. Non-metal oxide + water 