1. 3.4 Building a Better Cancer Treatment
[ Abby Jang & James Yee ]

2. 3.4.1
Precision Medicine

3. What Is Precision Medicine?
Precision Medicine is the field of medicine that uses:
A person's genetic profile
Lifestyle
Environmental factors

4. Helps make personalized treatment plans.
USE
Helps make personalized treatment plans.
Provides treatment that is more effective.
Gives less side effects.

5. PHARMACOGENETICS
Pharmacogenetics: the field of medicine that focuses on comparing genetics to the effectiveness of medicine.

6. IMPORTANT TERM ALERT!!!

7. SNP: Single nucleotide morphism. Can help with precision medicine:
People with similar SNPs will have similar reactions to medicine.
Haplotype: A combination of SNP variations.

8. 3.4.2
Nanofuture

9. A nanometer is an extremely small unit of measurement.
10^-9 of a meter.

10. The human body functions on a cellular level.
USE IN MEDICINE
The human body functions on a cellular level.
Nanotechnology: The branch of medicine regarding the manipulation of atoms and molecules.
Help give more detailed treatment.

11. An example of nanotechnology is a respirocyte.
Acts as a replacement for red blood cells.
Carries oxygen and other molecules in the blood.

12. Types of Nanodevices

13. NANOPORE

14. DENDRIMERS

15. NANOTUBES

16. QUANTUM DOTS

17. NANOSHELLS

18. CANTILEVER

19. 3.4.3
Clinical Trials

20. Placebo: substance given in controlled experiments that has no effect on patients
Contrasts actual treatment to highlight results
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves new drugs to the market
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but won’t do both.

21. Evaluate safety of drug Determine safe dosage range
CLINICAL TRIAL PHASES
Phase 1
Evaluate safety of drug
Determine safe dosage range
Identify side effects
Test small group of people (fewer than 100 people)
Phase 2
Learn more about safety and side effects
Sharpen estimates of proper dosage
Determine effectiveness
Test larger group of people (up to 200 participants)

22. Determine effectiveness Determine side effects
CLINICAL TRIAL PHASES
Phase 3
Determine effectiveness
Determine side effects
Test large groups of people (1, ,000 participants)
Phase 4
Collect additional information after drug enters the market such as risks, benefits, and optimal use.

23. Types of Clinical Trials

24. CONTROLLED TRIALS

25. RANDOMIZED TRIALS

26. DOUBLE-BLIND TRIALS

27. SINGLE-BLIND TRIALS

28. OPEN TRIALS

29. FACTORIAL TRIALS

30. CROSSOVER TRIALS

31. ORPHAN DRUG TRIALS

34. Henry K. Beecher

37. 3.4.4
Tiny Treatment

38. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

39. IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS

40. INTERFERONS

41. INTERLEUKINS

42. ONCOLYTIC VIRUS THERAPY

43. CANCER VACCINES

44. We’re two weeks behind.

45. T H A N K Y O U
G O O D L U C K O N F I N A L S