1. Day 1

2. Homework Day 1 Read In Depth: Slavery and Human Society.
Study for Ch. 21 Quiz.

3. Africa and the Africans in the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade
Chapter 20

4. African slave trade

5. African slave trade
In the Americas, the use of Africans as slaves began in the islands of the Caribbean and moved westward to Latin America and northwestward to the British colonies on the mainland.
Initially, finding cheap labor to work sugar cane plantations in the West Indies was the motivation for enslaving Africans.

6. African slave trade
By the end of the 1500s in the West Indies and in major cities of South America, there were as many or more enslaved Africans as there were white colonists.
While slavery did not continue to grow in much of South America, the institution prospered in Brazil, in the islands of the Caribbean, and in the North American colonies of Great Britain.

7. Slavery became fundamental to the triangle trade that developed between Europe and Africa, Africa and the Caribbean islands, and the islands and Europe or the islands and the British mainland colonies.
It is useful to note that it was not just slavers and slave owners who prospered from slavery, but anyone who dealt with the results of the work of slaves, such as textile mill owners whose employees took raw cotton and turned it into cloth.

8. Compare the political, social, and economic organization of the Americas with those of Africa.

9. Compare America to Africa.
African countries remained independent, while in the Americas, Europeans governed colonies.
Plantation economic organization was more typical of the Americas, although elites in both areas used coerced labor.

10. Compare America to Africa.
Because of racial mixture, American society was less homogeneous than African society was, and the mixture produced a social hierarchy dependent on race and place of birth.
Although slavery was present in Africa, the absence of racial mixture left untouched the traditional social relationships based on nobility, land, and priesthood.

11. Trace the Western effects on the political development of Africa and how slavery was a component in the nature of state formation in sub-Saharan Africa.

12. Trace the Western effects
It still is argued whether the political development of Africa in the early modern period was the result of Western intervention or of strictly internal African development.
Slavery existed in Africa before the European arrival, but Western nations seem to have accelerated the slaving process.
The exchange of firearms for slaves tended to unbalance the political situation in favor of slaving rulers trading with the West.

13. Trace the Western effects
In general, slaving states were autocratic and tended toward expansion and centralization.
New states rose because of the trade.
Many were in the region south of the savanna that was the home of earlier states.
Ghana
Mali
Songhay

14. Class work and study time.

15. Class work and study time.
Peoples Analysis: Sudan, whites in South Africa
Conflict Analysis: Zulus and white settlers
Change Analysis: Effects of slavery
Societal Comparison: Effect of Slave Trade on Various Groups (Asante and Dahomey)
Document Analysis: An African’s Description of the Middle Passage

16. End of Day 1

17. Day 2

18. Homework
Day 2
Essay #7. Due Jan. 27/28.

19. Chapter 21 Quiz

20. Essay #7
Analyze the causes and consequences of the expansion in the African slave trade over the period 1500–1800. Be sure to include factors relating to Africa as well as to the world beyond. Due Jan. 27/28.

21. PRACTICE FOR THE AP EXAM
Historical analysis lends itself to cause-and- effect explanations of events, and you may find yourselves having to write an AP* exam essay that calls for an examination of a cause and its effects.
A successful cause-and-effect essay includes a discussion of a cause—the event or condition that produces a specific result—an explanation of a resulting effect(s) or outcome, and evidence and facts to support the relationship between cause and effect.
The essay has to be developed in a logical manner that makes the relationship clear.

22. In Depth: Slavery and Human Society
Inner/Outer Circle

23. Cause-and-effect table for the African slave trade.
Short-term Effects on Africa
Short-term Effects on Americas
Long-term Effects on Africa
Long-term Effects on Americas

24. Class work and study time.

25. Class work and study time.
Trace the stages in the Portuguese exploration and penetration of Africa.
Trace the changes in the volume of the Atlantic slave trade between 1450 and 1850.
Describe the demographic effect of the African slave trade on the sub-Saharan region.
Discuss the arguments concerning the profitability of the slave trade.
Describe the effects of the slave trade on African state formation.
Define the Mfecane and its effects on southern Africa.
Summarize the social structure of American slave-based societies.
Trace how the slave trade came to an end.

26. End of Day 2