1. Chapter 14: Revolution and Nationalism
Section 1: Revolutions in Russia

2. Section 1: Revolutions in Russia
Czars Resist Change
Czars Continue Autocratic Rule
Succession of Czars: Nicolas I > Alexander II > Alexander III
Alexander III and his harsh measures
Censorship, close observation on teachers and
students, prisoners sent to Siberia
Languages restrictions >
Russian the official language of the Nation
Pogroms > organized violence against the Jews
Russia Industrializes
Rapid industrialization changed Russia
Trans-Siberian Railroad
The Revolutionary Movement Grows

3. Section 1: Revolutions in Russia
The Revolutionary Movement Grows
Difficult and grueling working conditions, low wages
Labor Unions become outlawed
Marxism makes its way to Russia
Revolutionaries believed in the Marxist future
Working class would overthrow the government
The Proletariat would rule the country
Menshelviks – Broad base of popular support for the revolution
Bolsheviks – more radical support for a smaller group of revolutionaries willing to risk all for change
V.I. Lenin – Leader of the Bolsheviks

4. Section 1: Revolutions in Russia
Crises at Home and Abroad
Russo-Japanese War
Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1905
Protests over working conditions and wages
Nicolas II ordered the execution of the Protester (including women)
Creation and disbandment of the Duma
World War I: The Final Blow
Unpopular to enter into the Great War
Alexander II goes to the Front
Czarina Alexandria stayed home with Rasputin
Rasputin abused power and appointed his friends
Nobles assassinated Rasputin because of his rising power

5. Section 1: Revolutions in Russia
The March Revolution
The Czar Steps Down
Worker protests in the streets
Czar abdicates the throne > provisional Government
Lenin Returns to Power
The Bolshevik Revolution
Provisional Government Topples
Bolsheviks In Power
Bolsheviks take over with Lenin in charge
Peace Treaty with German towards the end of World War I

6. Section 1: Revolutions in Russia
Civil War Rages in Russia
White Army – diversity in the ranks
Some support czarist rule
Some wanted democratic government
Some saw socialism as different than Lenin’s view
Red Army – Bolsheviks
Led by Leon Trotsky
Red Army crushes all opposition
Comparing World Revolutions
Lenin Restores Order
New Economic Policy
A shimmer of capitalism
Political Reforms
Several self-governing republics under a central rule
USSR – Union of Soviet Socialists Republics
Soviet – local councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers
Stalin Becomes Dictator

7. Section 1: Revolutions in Russia
QW #6: Communism or Capitalism … the decision ism that easy
Do you think that communism threatened or scared the people in western democratic nations? Why or why not?

8. Chapter 14: Revolution and Nationalism
Section 2: Totalitarianism and Stalinist Russia

9. Section 2: Totalitarianism and Stalinist Russia
A Government of Total Control
Police Terror
Enforce the will of the government, not the law
Indoctrination
Education of the youth
Propaganda and Censorship
Creating bias through incomplete or incorrect info
Religious or Ethnic Persecution
Blame for national problems

10. Section 2: Totalitarianism and Stalinist Russia
Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State
Police State
The Great Purge – campaign against members of the Communist Party
Civilian Spies
Children reported their parents and family members
Planted informants
Phone taps, mail examined
Suspected traitors
Sent to Siberia where they lived in work camps
Sentenced to death
Stalin was responsible for 8-13 million deaths
Russian Propaganda and Censorship
State controlled media
Newspapers, movies, radio, and other media
Celebrated the Communist Party, the national economy, or Stalin himself
Education and Indoctrination
Control of all schools and universities
Indoctrinated of the greatness of the USSR
Religious Persecution
All Religions were deemed dangerous to the communist cause
Promotion of atheism

11. Section 2: Totalitarianism and Stalinist Russia
Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy
Command Economy – a system in which the government made all economic decisions
An Industrial Revolution
Five Year Plans
Impossible production quotas and expectations
State economy demands > reduced the goods and services for the people
Russia becomes a major industrial player
An Agricultural Revolution
Collective Farms
Government control of farms boosted food production
Peasant farmers angered > 5-10 million peasants died as result
Daily Life Under Stalin
Women Gained rights from the Bolshevik Revolution
Forced to join the work force
Education > women made up 75% of Russian doctors
Motherhood was their patriotic duty
Total Control Achieved

12. Section 2: Totalitarianism and Stalinist Russia
QW #7:

13. Chapter 14: Revolution and Nationalism
Section 3: Imperialist China Collapses

14. Section 3: Imperialist China Collapses
Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty
Kuomintang – Nationalist Party
Sun Yixian – first leader
Shaky Start for the New Republic
Sun Yixian’s Three Principles of the Republic
Nationalism – end foreign control
People’s Rights - democracy
People’s livelihood – economic security for all Chinese
Sun lacked the necessary support
Yuan Shikai takes power from Sun and revokes democratic ideals
Local warlords take control of as much land as their armies could control

15. Section 3: Imperialist China Collapses
World War I Spells More Problems
May Fourth Movement
Betrayed by the Treaty of Versailles
Joined Allied forces in hopes that sovereignty would return to China with an Allied victory
Allies gave control of China over to Japan to the outrage of the Chinese
Students, workers, shopkeepers, and professionals demonstrated the Chinese commitment to a national sentiment
Weaken Chinese belief in Western Democracy
Preferred Lenin’s communism

16. Section 3: Imperialist China Collapses
The Communist Party in China
Mao Zedong leader of China’s Communism Organization
Lenin’s communism focused on urban setting, Zedong’s revolved around rural setting
Lenin Befriends China
Sun Yixian throws the Kuomintang in with Communist Party of China
Lenin strongly supports Yixian with advisors and supplies
Peasants Align with the Communists
Jiang Jieshi and Chinese Nationalists feared socialist economy
Many peasants did not believe in Jiang and his movement and instead supported the communist party
Nationalists and communists Clash
Both fought warlords for control of territory
Jiang turns on communists
Jiang becomes president of China
US supports his leadership, Soviet Union does not

17. Section 3: Imperialist China Collapses
Civil War Rages in China
Mao swims in the peasant sea to gain support
Many peasants join the Red Army & were trained in guerilla warfare
The Long March
Surrounded by Jiang’s forces, Communist leaders fled their mountain fortress
The made their escape on 6ooo mile hike called the Long March
Thousands died during that year, the rest settled in caves
Civil War Suspended
China battles Japan

18. Chapter 14: Revolution and Nationalism
Section 4: Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia

19. Section 4: Nationalism in India & Southwest Asia
Indian Nationalism Grows
Two groups form to liberate India
Hindu – Indian National Congress
Muslim – Muslim League
World War I Increases Nationalist Activity
Over a million Indians volunteered for service in the British military > Brits promised reforms toward Indian self- government
Indians remained second-class citizens in the post war world
Rowlatt Acts – allowed British government to jail protesters without trial for up to two years
Amritsar Massacre
Protest to the Rowlatt Acts
Considered a Nationalist outburst by the Indians
British commander ordered troops to fire upon the crowd who had no escape
Encouraged Indian nationalism who demanded independence
The Spark in India

20. Section 4: Nationalism in India & Southwest Asia
Gandhi’s Tactics of Nonviolence
Noncooperation
Civil Disobedience
Boycotts
Refused to buy British goods
Urged Indians to make their own goods
Strikes and Demonstrations
The Salt March
Britain Grants Limited Self-Rule

21. Section 4: Nationalism in India & Southwest Asia

22. Section 4: Nationalism in India & Southwest Asia

23. Section 4: Nationalism in India & Southwest Asia
Nationalism in Southwest Asia
Turkey Becomes a Republic
Persia Becomes Iran
Saudi Arabia Keeps Islamic Traditions
Oil Drives Development

24. Section 4: Nationalism in India & Southwest Asia