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Chapter Resources
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earth.msscience.com
Image Bank
Foldables
Video Clips and Animations
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Standardized Test Practice

2. earth.msscience.com

3. Image Bank
Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions.

4. Image Bank
Transfer Images
To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps:
Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image.
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5. Image Bank
Flooded Field

6. Image Bank
Steep Slope

7. Image Bank
Gullies

8. Image Bank
Stream Erosion

9. Image Bank
Drainage Basins

10. Image Bank
Rapids

11. Image Bank
Slow Stream

12. Image Bank
Meander

13. Image Bank
Flood Damage

14. Image Bank
Channeled Scablands

15. Image Bank
Delta

16. Image Bank
Soil Composition

17. Image Bank
Groundwater System

18. Image Bank
Permeable Rock

19. Image Bank
Hot Springs

20. Image Bank
Geyser

21. Image Bank
Cave Interior

22. Image Bank
Sinkhole

23. Image Bank
Shoreline

24. Image Bank
Rocky Shoreline

25. Image Bank
Sandy Beach

26. Characteristics of Surface Water, Groundwater, and Shoreline Water
Foldables
Characteristics of Surface Water, Groundwater, and Shoreline Water
Make the following Foldable to help you identify the main concepts relating to surface water, groundwater, and shoreline water.

27. Foldables
Fold the top of a vertical piece of paper down and the bottom up to divide the paper into thirds.

28. Foldables
Turn the paper horizontally; unfold and label the three columns as shown.

29. Foldables
Read for Main Ideas
As you read the chapter, list the concepts relating to surface water, groundwater, shoreline water.

30. Video Clips
Click image to view movie.

31. Reviewing Main Ideas 1
Surface Water
Rainwater that does not soak into the ground is pulled down the slope by gravity. This water is called runoff.
Runoff can erode sediment. Factors such as steepness of slope and number and type of plants affect the amount of erosion. Rill, gully, and sheet erosion are types of surface water erosion caused by runoff.

32. Reviewing Main Ideas 1
Surface Water
Runoff generally flows into streams that merge with larger rivers until emptying into a lake or ocean. Major river systems usually contain several different types of streams.
Young streams flow through steep valleys and have rapids and waterfalls. Mature streams flow through gentler terrain and have less energy. Old streams are often wide and meander across their floodplains.

33. Reviewing Main Ideas 2
Groundwater
When water soaks into the ground, it becomes part of a vast groundwater system.
Although rock may seem solid, many types are filled with connected spaces called pores. Such rocks are permeable and can contain large amounts of groundwater.

34. Ocean Shoreline 3 Ocean shorelines are always changing.
Reviewing Main Ideas 3
Ocean Shoreline
Ocean shorelines are always changing.
Waves and currents have tremendous amounts of energy, which break up rocks into tiny fragments called sediment. Over time, the deposition and relocation of sediment can change beaches, sandbars, and barrier islands.

35. Question 1 Answer What is sheet erosion?
Chapter Review
Question 1
What is sheet erosion?
Answer
Sheet erosion occurs when water flowing as sheets picks up and carries away sediments.

36. Question 2 Answer Describe the difference between deltas and fans.
Chapter Review
Question 2
Describe the difference between deltas and fans.
Answer
Deltas are formed by the deposition of sediment where water empties into an ocean or lake. If the water empties from a mountain valley onto an open plain, the deposit is called an alluvial fan.

37. Question 3 A(n) __________ is a hot spring that erupts periodically.
Chapter Review
Question 3
A(n) __________ is a hot spring that erupts periodically.
A. aquifer
B. current
C. geyser
D. water table

38. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is C. When groundwater is heated to high temperatures, it expands underground. The expansion forces some of the water out of the ground, and remaining water boils and turns into steam.

39. Question 4 Answer What causes a sinkhole to form?
Chapter Review
Question 4
What causes a sinkhole to form?
Answer
Sinkholes form when the roof of a cave collapses or material near the surface dissolves. They are common in areas that have large amounts of limestone.

40. Chapter Review
Question 5
__________ form in places where the water table is so close to Earth’s surface that water flows out.
A. Aquifers
B. Springs
C. Streams
D. Wells

41. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is B. If magma rises close to Earth’s surface in these locations, hot springs form.

42. Question 1 In this diagram, the arrows at B represent the
Standardized Test Practice
Question 1
In this diagram, the arrows at B represent the
direction of ___________.
A. barrier movement
B. longshore currents
C. runoff
D. tides

43. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. Longshore currents run parallel to the shoreline; tides create currents that move at right angles to the shore.

44. Question 2 The outlined areas on the map represent __________.
Standardized Test Practice
Question 2
The outlined areas on the map represent
__________.
A. drainage basins
B. river deltas
C. stream channels
D. water tables

45. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is A. Drainage basins are the areas of land from which streams or rivers collect runoff. The largest drainage basin in the United States is the Mississippi River drainage basin.

46. Question 3 Which is represented at A? A. aquifer B. bed load
Standardized Test Practice
Question 3
Which is represented at A?
A. aquifer
B. bed load
C. meander
D. suspended load

47. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is D. The suspended load consists of lightweight sediments that the water picks up and carries along. B represents the bed load, made up of larger particles that roll along the bottom of the stream channel.

48. Question 4 The arrows in the diagram represent the __________.
Standardized Test Practice
Question 4
The arrows in the diagram represent the
__________.
A. drainage basin
B. impermeable layer
C. stream channel
D. zone of saturation

49. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is D. The area where all of the pores in the rock are filled with water is the zone of saturation. The upper surface of the zone of saturation is the water table.

50. Question 5 Where is the water table located? A. A B. B C. C D. D
Standardized Test Practice
Question 5
Where is the water table located?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

51. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. The upper surface of the zone of saturation is the water table.

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