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Fig. 3 Phylogenetic pattern of NFN symbiosis–related genes.
Phylogenetic pattern of NFN symbiosis–related genes. The chronogram contains nodulating (blue) and nonnodulating (gray) species from all four orders of the NFN clade (blue circle with dot), to which NFN symbiosis is limited. Nine species outside the NFN clade are included as outgroups at the top. The absence or presence of entire or fragmented copies of 21 symbiosis genes are indicated by white, black, and gray boxes, respectively. Stars indicate independent losses of NIN. The independent loss or fragmentation of NIN correlates with the absence of nodules after the emergence of the NFN clade. RPG is lost or fragmented in even more nonnodulating species than NIN and also in the nodulating species A. ipaensis and Mimosa pudica. Asterisks indicate species sequenced for this study. INF, genes required for infection; NOD, genes involved in nodule organogenesis and regulation; CSG, genes required for both NFN symbiosis and arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis; mya, million years ago. Maximilian Griesmann et al. Science 2018;361:eaat1743 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works
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