1. WOMEN’S ORGANIZED CHALLENGES TO REPRESSION
CHILE & ARGENTINA

2. CHILE DEMOCRATIC TRADITION; MULTIPLE POLITICAL PARTIES
1958 ELECTIONS: ALESSANDRI VS ALLENDE
1964 ELECTIONS: FREI VS ALLENDE
1970 ELECTIONS: ALLENDE VS ALESSANDRI
ALLENDE – UP (UNIDAD POPULAR

3. SALVADOR ALLENDE POPULIST NATIONALIST NATIONALIZATIONS LAND REFORM
NATIONALIZED U.S. COPPER COMPANIES
DESPITE RADICAL REFORMS, WOMEN WERE STILL VIEWED IN TRADITIONAL ROLES
WOMEN BLAMED ALLENDE FOR SHORTAGES OF GOODS
WOMEN DEMANDED AN END TO THE MARXIST GOVERNMENT

4. THE 1ST 9-11 SEPEMBER 11, 1973 MILITARY COUP BACKED BY U.S. CIA
DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED
SALVADOR ALLENDE KILLED
PHASE I
AUGUSTO PINOCHET
STATE OF SEIGE
DISAPPEARED & MURDERED
3000, ARRESTED 40,000

5. MOST BRUTAL DICTATORSHIP IN LATIN AMERICA
MANY WOMEN WERE DISAPPEARED, TORTURED, & KILLED
VILLA GRIMALDE
NATIONAL STADIUM
PINOCHET’S WIFE IN CHARGE OF WOMEN’S PROGRAMS
COMMUNITY KITCHENS
WOMEN 1ST TO GO INTO STREETS TO DEMAND JUSTICE

6. ARPILLERAS

7. 1974 A SMALL GROUP OF WOMEN WHOSE CHILDREN WERE DISAPPEARED BEGAN TO MAKE ARPILLERAS (TAPESTRIES)
VICARIAT OF SOLIDARITY PROVIDED FABRIC SCRAPS
TAPESTRIES ILLUSTRATED & DENOUNCED HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES

12. ARPILLERAS DREW INTERNATIONAL ATTENTION
THROUGH THEIR ARPILLERAS, WOMEN FOUND THEIR POLITICAL VOICES & USED THEM AS A FORM OF POLITICAL POWER
VIOLETA MORALES: “I MADE MY ARPILLERAS BECAUSE I HAVE A DOUBLE CRIME TO DENOUNCE, THE KIDNAPPING OF BOTH MY SON & MY BROTHER. I JOINED THE WORKSHOP TO CONTINUE FIGHTING & SO THAT THE TRUTH CAN BE KNOWN BECAUSE MY WOUNDS ARE STILL OPEN”

13. 1978 AMNESTY LAW ABSOLVED ALL MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES
AT THE TIME DEATH SQUADS, KNOWN AS THE “CARAVAN OF DEATH” APPEARED
1980s DISCOVER MASS GRAVES
THE MILITARY & JUDICIARY DENIED THE REPRESSION, TORTURE, MURDERS
IMPUNITY REIGNED, THE MILITARY DENIED RIGHT TO HABEAS CORPUS

14. 1988 PLEBICITE TO EXTEND PINOCHET’S RULE PINOCHET LOST
WOMEN WERE ACTIVE ON BOTH SIDES OF THE CAMPAIGN

15. PHASE II 1990-94 AYLWIN: RETURN TO DEMOCRACY
PERIOD OF ABSOLUTE SILENCE
PINOCHET REMAINED COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE ARMED FORCES
1998 HE RETIRED, BECAME SENATOR FOR LIFE, GIVING HIM IMMUNITY

16. PINOCHET & IMPUNITY
GLADYS MARIN WAS THE 1ST TO FILE A COMPLAINT AGAINST PINOCHET FOR THE DISAPPEARANCE OF HER HUSBAND
“AFTER YEARS OF PRESENTING HABEAS CORPUS PETITIONS TO THE COURTS, I WANTED TO ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO LOSE THEIR FEAR OF CHALLENGING HIM DIRECTLY”

17. GLADYS MARIN SHE WAS A MEMBER OF THE COMMUNIST PARY
ELECTED TO CONGRESS, WAS STILL SERVING WHEN ALLENDE WAS OVERTHROWN
SHE FLED THE COUNTRY, LEAVING HER HUSBAND & CHILDREN BEHIND
SHE RISKED HER LIFE TO RETURN TO CHILE
1998 FILED CHARGES AGAINST PINOCHET
POOR WOMEN IDENTIFIED WITH HER

18. SHE WAS THE 1ST WOMAN TO RUN FOR PRESIDENT IN CHILE
SHE DIED OF CANCER IN 2005
BECAUSE SHE PRESSED CHARGES AGAINST PINOCHET OTHERS SOON FOLLOWED SUIT

19. PHASE III 1991 AYLWIN’S TRUTH & RECONCILIATION COMMISSION
DOCUMENTED THE ATROCITIES & DREW WORLD ATTENTION
1995 GEN. CONTRERAS, HEAD OF MILITARY INTELLIGENCE WAS HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR CAR BOMB MURDER OF CHILEAN DISSIDENT ORLANDO LETELIER & U.S. ASSISTANT IN WASHINGTON D.C.
YET PINOCHET WAS NOT TOUCHED

20. PINOCHET’S ARREST 1998 PINOCHET WAS ARRESTED IN LONDON
BEGAN APPLYING INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAWS
IN 1999 DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE AFDD & MILITARY
2000 PINOCHET WAS EXTRADITED & RETURNED TO CHILE

21. 2000 JUDGE GUZMAN REQUIRED HIS IMMUNITY TO BE LIFTED
2001 PINOCHET INDICTED, UNDER HOUSE ARREST
RELEASED DUE TO SENILITY
2004 IMMUNITY LIFTED AGAIN
PINOCHET DIED LAST YEAR

22. RECENT EVENTS IN CHILE 1994-2000 FREI 2000-2006 LAGOS
2006-PRESENT MICHELLE BACHELET
1ST WOMAN PRESIDENT
FATHER WAS TORTURED
SHE & MOTHER
TORTURED AT VILLA
GRIMALDI
2002 BECAME DEFENSE
MINISTER

23. 30 YEAR ANNIVERSARY OF THE COUP
THE NEWS MEDIA FINALLY FLOODED CHILEAN AIRWAVES WITH IMAGES OF THE COUP FOR THE FIRST TIME
TODAY: “WHITE-OUT EFFECT” – RAPIDLY CHANGING IMAGES, FREQUENT CUTS THAT MOVE ON TO THE NEXT POLISHED SOUND BITE“
MARKET-ORIENTED AESTHETICS OF THE TV INDUSTRY CENSORS REPRESENTATIONS OF THE PAST

24. 1970s: IMAGES APPEAR EXTREMELY SLOW, DENSE, ALIENATING
BLACK & WHITE, FUZZY, IMAGES
LACK OF NATIONAL MEMORY—THE DISTANCING OF VIEWERS FROM THE IMAGES ROBBED THEM OF THEIR ORIGINAL EFFICACY
THE SILENCE OF THE DICTATORSHIP IS MIRRORED IN TODAY’S IMAGES, EMPTYING PUBLIC SPACE OF POLITICAL DEBATE

25. RECENT EVENTS IN ARGENTINA
ALFONSIN
PROPOSED LAWS TO ABORT TRIALS OF MILITARY
STOP & DUE OBEDIENCE LAWS GRANTED IMPUNITY
CONADEP PUBLISHED “NUNCA MAS”
ARGENTINA WAS THE 1ST COUNTRY TO TRY ITS OWN MILITARY FOR WAR CRIMES

26. 1990 MENEM: PARDONED & FREED THOSE CONVICTED
TRIALS FOR KIDNAPPING CHILDREN OF THE DISAPPEARED WERE NOT COVERED BY AMNESTY LAWS
MARIA SERVINI, A JUDGE INVESTIGATING BABY TRAFFICKING
HER CAR WAS FORCED OFF THE ROAD IN 1999

27. JUDGES BEGAN ORDERING DETENTION OF MILITARY OFFICIALS
1998 JUDGE BAGNASCO ORDERED ARRESTS OF JORGE VIDELA & EMILIO MASSERA
4 MILITARY UPRISINGS

28. HIJOS ENTER MIDDLE CLASS NEIGHBORHOODS, LEAVE SIGNS:
“ATTENTION NEIGHBORS! THERE’S AN ASSASSIN LIVING NEXT DOOR”
FLYERS, MARK ASSASINS HOMES
CHALLENGE THE IMPUNITY THAT PERMEATES SOCIETY

29. DECEMBER, 2001 ARGENTINA’S ECONOMY COLLAPSED 5 PRESIDENTS IN 2 WEEKS
MAY NESTOR KIRCHNER
CHALLENGED PREDECESSORS WHO INSISTED ON AMNESTY

30. OCTOBER 28, 2007
FIRST LADY CRISTINA FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER BECAME PRESIDENT OF ARGENTINA
“HER HIGHLY COMBATIVE SPEECH STYLE POLARIZES ARGENTINE POLITICS (RECALLING THE STYLE OF EVA PERÓN) BUT SEEMS TO BE APPRECIATED BY A LARGE PART OF SOCIETY, NOTABLY AMONG LOWER-INCOME CITIZENS.”

31. THINK ABOUT WHAT ARGENTINA & CHILE SHARE IN COMMON, HOW THEY DIFFER