1. World Organisation for Animal Health
Office International des Épizooties
created in 1924 in Paris

2. Short- and medium-term actions for AI control worldwide
Willem Droppers
OIE Chargé de Mission
Christianne Bruschke
OIE Scientific and Technical Department
Short- and medium-term actions for AI control worldwide
2nd Joint WHO/EC Workshop on Pandemic Preparedness Planning, Copenhagen, October, 2005

3. Countries affected by Avian Influenza type H5 since 2003
Cambodia (H5N1)
China (People’s Republic of) (H5N1)
Taipei China (H5N2)
Indonesia (H5N1)
Japan (H5N1)
Korea (Republic of) (H5N1)
Laos (H5N1)
Kazakhstan (H5N1)
Mongolia (H5N1)
Romania (H5N1)
Russia(H5N1)
Thailand (H5N1)
Turkey(H5N1)
Vietnam (H5N1)

5. Eradication is indeed possible, and the history of animal diseases shows that we have managed to deal successfully with similar epizootics in the past.
However, one must be aware that the H5N1 virus is currently circulating endemically in domestic birds in poor countries that do not have the resources to conduct national vaccination campaigns for eradication purposes.

6. Outline of the Presentation
OIE organization
OIE objectives
Why eradication at the source?
Global strategy
OIE information system
OIE International Standards
OFFLU
GF-TADs and GLEWS
Strenghtening Veterinary Services

7. OIE organization

8. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
founded in 1924 – predates the UN
167 Member Countries
headquarters in Paris
5 Regional Representatives
intergovernmental organisation
operating expenses are paid by member country contributions
I do not think that all of you are really familiar with the OIE and its objective which is important to understand the activities of the OIE and place them in the right perspective.
Since the OIE is an intergovernmental organization the operating expenses are paid by member country contributions

9. Regional Representations
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE
Administrative Commission
Director General
Specialist Commissions Terrestrial Code, Aquatic Animals, Biological Standards, Scientific
Regional Commissions
Africa, Americas, Europe, Asia- Far East and Oceania, Middle East
Central Bureau
Collaborating Centres
Reference Laboratories
Ad hoc Groups
Working Groups
Administrative
and Financial
Department
Animal Health
Information
Department
International Trade
Department
Scientific and
Technical
Department
Regional Activities
Department
Publications
Department
Regional Representations

10. OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres
Worldwide network of:
157 OIE Reference Laboratories
17 OIE Collaborating Centres
Expertise in 92 animal diseases (including zoonoses) and other topics
In 31 Member Countries
Involving 154 world renowned experts
centres of expertise and standardisation to other laboratories and to OIE.
Store and distribute reagents;develop / validate new diagnostic tests; coordinate scientific / technical studies; provide scientific and technical training; prepare and distribute proficiency tests.

11. OIE objectives

12. OIE objectives 1. TRANSPARENCY
To ensure transparency in the worldwide animal health and zoonoses situation
Sanitary Country Status Recognition
2. SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION
To collect, analyse and disseminate worldwide scientific veterinary information.
3. INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY
To provide expertise and encourage and influence international solidarity in the control of animal diseases.

13. OIE objectives (2)
4. SANITARY SAFETY OF WORLD TRADE OF ANIMALS AND PRODUCTS
Within its mandate under SPS and WTO Agreement, to safeguard world trade by establishing animal health standards for international trade, as well as to act as mediator.
5. PROMOTION OF VETERINARY SERVICES
To improve the infrastructure of Veterinary Services.
6. FOOD SAFETY AND ANIMAL WELFARE
To provide a better guarantee of safety of food of animal origin and to promote animal welfare through a science-based approach

14. Why eradication at the source?

15. Control of High Pathogenic AI at the animal source
Virus reservoir provides risk for pandemic
Elimination of the virus at the source of eminent importance
Animal Health issues must have highest priority in combating the AI crisis
Why is this so important:
First of all, there is a risk for a pandemic in which millions of people could die, but we must realize that this is still a risk, at the moment all detections of disease in humans apparently still comes from animals. In the animals the disease is not a risk but reality and millions of animals have been killed by now.
To diminish the risk for humans we must first combat the diseas in animals.

16. Global strategy

17. A Global Strategy for the Progressive Control of HPAI
FAO and OIE
in collaboration with WHO

18. 1-Vision and goal Progressive control and eradication from poultry
Minimize global threat AI in humans and poultry
Stabilize poultry production
Enhance a robust trade in poulty (products)
Increase human foodsafety
Improve livelihood of the poor

19. 2-Phased approach
Stepwise and phased disease control program for each country
Short, medium and long term frame
Progressively shift the majority of infected countries to “freedom from infection in defined compartments”
Ensure that free countries remain free
It would be naïve to think, even if we would put all our efforts in combatting the animal problem, that we will eliminate the virus at short notice, a realistic goal has to be set,
That should have a short, medium and long term frame and separate goals can be set,
Furhter more the plans for each region can be different, since the riskfactors of introduction for the affected countries can be different and also recources and quasity of vet services
The weakness of the organisation and the lack of resources of the veterinary services of countries infected is a real problem.

20. Capacity building
Strategic research
Implementation
Partners
Resources

21. Critical issues for AI control
Early warning, detection and response
Standards for
disease/infection detection
disease/infection prevention
animal movements and trade
animal and virus destruction
production and use of vaccination
Collaboration of OIE, FAO and WHO

22. OIE information system

23. The OIE Information System
improve knowledge of global animal health situation
promote transparency in reporting disease outbreaks and incidents
active search and verification of non-official information
new disease notification system
single disease lists for terrestrial and aquatic animals (no longer Lists A and B)

24. The OIE Information System

25. OIE International Standards

26. OIE International Standards for Avian Influenza
Terrestrial Animal Health Code - mammals, birds and bees
Chapter
Appendix (surveillance)
Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals
The standards are very important in the work of the OIE. All standards are accessible and can be found on the internet. Standards are all endorsed by the 167 member countries during the yearly general session

27. Avian Influenza Conditions for trade Guidelines for surveillance
Draft guidelines for inactivation of AI virus
Differentiate restrictions between HPAI and LPAI to encourage transparent reporting
Important in the current crisis was to update the chapter on AI..encouriage transparant reporting by making betger definitions.

28. Avian Influenza (Ch. 2.7.12) Definition
Poultry
HPAI free
NAI free, free establishment
Commodity trading recommendations
Compartmentalization
Surveillance (with and without vaccination)
Clinical
Virological
Serological

29. Guidelines for Surveillance (app. 3.8.9)
Defines principles and provides a guide for Disease Surveillance
To seek recognition for a declared free NAI status
Maintenance or following outbreak
With or without vaccination
Application can be made for a country, zone or compartment
1. Determine the presence or absence of NAIV infection
2. Determine the prevalence of NAIV
Scientifically impossible to demonstrate the absence of disease in absolute terms
Sufficient confidence can be achieved through a combination of approaches

30. Animal Welfare Animal welfare is included in the strategic plan of OIE
Animal welfare concerns
Guidelines on killing for disease control
Guidelines on slaughter, including religious
Guidelines on land transport

31. Zoning and Compartmentalisation (Ch 1.3.5)
To establish and maintain a subpopulation with a different health status within the national borders
Zoning: separation by natural or artificial geographical barriers
Compartmentalisation: separation via a biosecurity management system

32. Zoning and Compartmentalisation benefits
Allows a stepwise approach to disease control in a country
May encourage the efficient use of resources
May allow safe trade in certain commodities due to functional separation

33. Egg and egg products
The following industry standard procedures are suitable
for the inactivation of HPNAI virus present in egg and egg products:
temp ºC time
whole egg sec
whole egg blends sec
whole egg blends sec
liquid egg white sec
liquid egg white sec
10% salted yolk sec
10% salted yolk sec
dried egg white days
Meat
A procedure which produces a core temperature of 70ºC for one second is suitable for the inactivation of HPNAI virus present
in meat

34. OIE/FAO Network for Avian Influenza (2005)
OFFLU

35. OIE/FAO Network for AI OFFLU
To offer veterinary expertise to Member Countries to assist in the control of AI
To develop research on avian influenza (AI)
To collaborate with the WHO Influenza Network on issues relating to the animal-human interface

36. Structure OFFLU Steering Committee Secretariat: Scientific Committee:
Dr I. Capua, OIE reference laboratory Padova
Scientific Committee:
experts with international repute with proven lab expertise and/or field experience
Team of Scientific Collaborators
Scientists having first hand experience, national and regional expertise in lab work, epidemiology or field control

37. Scientific Collaborators
Invited to participate from as wide a field as possible
Terms of Reference
Liaise with Sc.C. to advise in management, control and eradication of AI
Promote the collection of strains for identification
Assist in training for lab diagnosis and field surveillance
Promote linkages between diagnostic labs in poor countries with industrialized countries

38. OFFLU: main priorities
Exchange of virus isolates and sequence data among reference and diagnostic labs
Exchange of Scientific information
Communication with member countries and international organisations
Provide advice and expertise to infected countries
Monitor vaccine trials
We hope this initiative can serve as an example for future networks of diagnostic labs

39. Global Framework for the Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases
New Agreement between the OIE and the FAO (Paris, )
It replaces a previous 50 years old agreement
The background of GF TADS is the fact that capacity building in countries with growth of livestock sector is extremely important. It is estimated that in the next 15 to 20 years the livestock population will double and TADs have a devastating effect.
Assistence and guidance is extremely important to help developing countries in the acheivement of their millenium goals

40. GF-TADs Strengthens complementarities and synergies of OIE / FAO
Early warning systems
Collection and analysis of the animal health information
Design and implementation of strategies for disease control
Promotion of research
EWS are important to minimizes the losses after the introduction of TADs, the costs of eradiaction of outbreaks is less in the beginning of an outbreak and furhtermore to try to prevent diseases becoming endemic.
Persistence of TAD pose a serious risk, AHI is important to design the strategies for disease control

41. Regional Support Units
ECO/
SAARC
PACE-AU/IBAR
SADC
GCC
ASEAN
PAHO
OIRSA
IICA
Not possible to reach objectives from the offices in Paris or Rome,
Regional initiatives are extremely important

42. GF-TADs Regional immediate objectives
Regional nodes for Epidemiological analysis and Early Warning
Improvement of Veterinary Services
National and Regional capacity building for early detection and response, collection of samples, primary diagnostic

43. GF-TADs Regional immediate objectives
Laboratories/surveillance teams, through Networks:
Regional and National Laboratories and Epidemiology Units
Surveillance for primary endemic areas
Pilot disease control programs
Influence on national policy makers
Design of National Projects/Advocacy Promotion
In current crisi

44. GF-TADs Regional Outputs
Coordinating strategies at regional level (Asia: ASEAN, ASEAN+3, ASEAN+SEAFMD, SAARC, SPC)
regional GF-TADs Steering Committees,
regional conferences
definition of policies
coordination of national and regional programmes.

45. GF-TADs National Objectives
Global and regional policies GF-TADs operative implementation
Support to Veterinary Services - Early detection and response to disease outbreaks
National diagnostic laboratories
Policies of compensation for farmers
Vaccination implementation when relevant
National, regional and international disease notification
Collection and sharing of virus samples
Especially in poor countries

46. Concepts and key epidemiological aspects of GF-TADs
Disease and Infection at the animal SOURCE (early detection and response)
Upstream investigation, networks
Integrated approach
GLobal Early Warning System FAO-OIE-WHO
= to save money spent for human pandemic
Knowledge on animal production, land usage, marketing schemes, movement patterns …

47. OIE-WHO-FAO Global Early Warning System
A major component of GF-TADs
Assist in predicting and preventing animal livestock disease threats
Epidemiological analysis
Additional factors
Dealing with a disease in an early stage is easier than when it is widespread.

48. Global Early Warning System
OIE, FAO WHO Outbreak Tracking Systems
FAO data, AH
Official information
OIE data, AH
Official information
OIE, FAO WHO
Global Early Warning System
Other FAO and
UN data
OIE: official system for policy makers and system to verify unofficial information
FAO: OIE info and field info, technical projects, field missions, personal contacts
WHO: system for human diseases including zoonosos
Output:
Web based GLEWS
EW messages
Collaborating centres etc
Targeted Capacity
Building and
Strengthening VS
Urgent Intervention
Immediate Response
Trend Analysis
Prediction

49. OIE Standards for improvement of Veterinary Services
Terrestrial code
New draft Evaluation of Vet. Services
New draft Guidelines for evaluation Vet. Services
Evaluation tool (questionnaire) for identification of weaknesses of Vet. Services

50. World organisation for animal health
12 rue de Prony
75017 Paris, France
Tel: 33 (0)
Fax: 33 (0)