1. SS8H6 Analyze the impact of Reconstruction in Georgia.
Explain the roles of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments in Reconstruction.
Explain the key features of the Lincoln, the Johnson, and the Congressional Reconstruction plans.
Compare and contrast the goals and outcomes of the Freedmen’s Bureau and the Ku Klux Klan.
Examine the reasons for and effects of the removal of African American or Black legislators from the Georgia General Assembly during Reconstruction
Give examples of goods and services produced during the Reconstruction Era, including the use of sharecropping and tenant farming.

2. What is/was reconstruction???
Reconstruction was the economic, social, and political rebuilding of the united states after the civil war.
The Reconstruction Era lasted from It was a 12-year period in which an attempt to recover from the war and unite the country was made.
Many Republicans in Congress wanted to punish the South for causing the war, but President Lincoln wanted to promote growth and recovery.
Unfortunately, Lincoln’s assassination left control up to Vice President Johnson which eventually led to military control of the South.
By 1877, most Americans had tired of Reconstruction which allowed the Southern States to interfere with the rights that had been granted to former slaves…

3. Compare/Contrast
Using the word bank provided, take 3 minutes to place the words under the correct region of the united states

4. Presidential Reconstruction Plan – Lincoln/johnson
Lincoln wanted to rebuild the South & restore the southern states to the Union as quickly and easily as possible(10% Plan) Andrew Johnson followed Lincoln’s plan after Lincoln’s assassination
Two step process
All southerners (except high-ranking Government & military leaders) would be pardoned after taking oath of allegiance to the U.S.
When 10% of voters in each state took an oath of loyalty, state would be allowed to form a legal government & rejoin the union & each state must ratify the 13th Amendment as well
Congress wanted to punish the Southern states through the Wade- Davis Bill. Lincoln Vetoed the bill.

5. Thirteenth Amendment Outlawed slavery
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

6. Oath of loyalty and wade-davis bill
Typical oath of loyalty
Citizens would pledge loyalty to the US Government, and would follow/accept all laws passed during the Civil War, including the 13th Amendment
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
Confederate states that seceded should be treated like a conquered country
Lincoln saw this as an attempt to punish the south & refused to sign it in to law
Proved that Congress and many northerners wanted to punish the south

8. Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction Plan
Many Northerners in Congress were angered by the actions of former Confederate States and wanted Reconstruction to be more harsh
Many former Confederate leaders were elected to office
Georgia elected Alexander Stephens who had been the VP for the CSA, and Herschel Johnson who had been a CSA Senator
Many states passed BLACK CODES which were laws to restrict the rights of Freedmen
Congress introduced the 14th Amendment and passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and kicked the southern states out of the union

9. Congress passes the 14th Amendment
…No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United Stats; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

10. Military Reconstruction
All southern states (except Tennessee) refuse to accept the 14th amendment
The southern states were placed under Military control; Reconstruction started over basically with these states being removed from the Union and occupied by the military
These states had to sign the 14th amendment, write a NEW state constitution, and allow ALL men to vote
Some former Confederate solders were not allowed to vote, but all former slaves were.
When all of this was done, GA was readmitted to the union

11. 15th Amendment
Granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
Although ratified on February 3, 1870, the promise of the 15th Amendment would not be fully realized for almost a century. Through the use of poll taxes, literacy tests and other means, Southern states were able to effectively disenfranchise African Americans.
It would take the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 before the majority of African Americans in the South were registered to vote

12. Compare/Contrast Freedmen’s Bureau & the KKK
The Goal of the Freedmen’s Bureau was to bring southerners back into the Union and bring prosperity back to the nation
The original focus of the Freedmen’s Bureau was to help both former slaves and poor whites recover after the war
Provided food and clothing
Built hospitals
Created public schools in the state & HBCUs
Attention turned to former slaves which caused anger and resentment amongst many whites 4
The KKK wanted to maintain the white supremacy which had been in place during the times of slavery.
The KKK used threats, violence and intimidation to maintain control.
Homes, schools, churches burned
Beatings & whippings
Voters were intimidated from voting for Republican candidates
wDwY

13. The Freedmen’s Bureau
Original purpose: to help both former slaves & poor whites recover after the war
Offered food, clothing, education & other necessities
Built Freedmen’s Schools and Hospitals
Also created the first Public School Program in the state
4,000 primary schools
64 industrial schools
74 teacher-training institutes
More focus was given to the “freedmen” which caused anger and resentment amongst whites
Atlanta University, Morehouse College, Clark College were created specifically to offer Secondary Education to African-Americans

14. Images of the freedmen’s bureau and the kkk during reconstruction era

15. Black Codes 13th Amendment abolishes slavery, but not discrimination
Most Southern states pass “Black Codes”—laws limiting political and civil rights of former slaves
Controlled types of employment
Whipping as a punishment
Labor periods: sunrise to sunset 6 days a week
Imprisonment of jobless blacks
Cannot vote or serve on a jury
Interracial marriages prohibited

16. Elected Blacks expelled from the General Assembly, the KKK and Reconstruction (again!)
Republican Rufus Bullock was elected Governor and the Republican-controlled General Assembly began its session.
37 African Americans, including Henry McNeal Turner (leader of the black legislators) were elected to the General Assembly in 1868
All were expelled from the G.A. on the grounds that while the GA Constitution gave blacks the right to vote, it did not specifically give them the right to hold office
Under the GA Act of 1869, GA was placed under military control until the state passed the 15th Amendment and allowed black legislators to participate in government.
GA was readmitted to the Union in 1870 for the final time. However, by 1872 southern Democrats called the redeemers were voted back into office and took control of the Governorship and General Assembly. And the KKK continued to terrorize citizens.

17. Economic Reconstruction: Sharecropping
Planters & Farmers needed laborers
Former slaves & landless whites needed jobs
Sharecropping
Landowners provide
Land
A house
Farming tools & animals, seed and fertilizers
Workers give landowners a share of the harvest
Until workers sold their crops, owners often let them have food, medicine, clothing and supplies at high prices on credit
Credit was their undoing
Many often did not make enough to cover credit & new needs; and many were taken advantage of by dishonest landowners
Most had little hope of being able to save enough to buy their own land and equipment
Legal slavery?

18. Economic Reconstruction: Tenant Farming
Tenant Farming similar to Sharecropping
Tenants usually owned some agricultural equipment & farm animals
They bought their own seed and fertilizer
At the end of the year, tenant farmers either paid the landowner a set amount of cash or an agreed-upon share of the crop
Some even made a small profit
Both systems still allowed landowners to keep their farms in operation without having to spend money for labor

19. The great Migration
The movement of blacks and rural whites to cities up north to get away from sharecropping
Many African- Americans also move north to escape segregation and the threat of racial violence