1. Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ch 14.2

2. What are the energy roles in an ecosystem?
Each of the organisms in an ecosystem fills the energy role of producer, consumer, or decomposer. Producers: an organism that makes its own food. - captures energy from sunlight to make food through photosynthesis Consumers: An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms. - cannot make its own food. Decomposers: break down wastes and dead organisms and return the raw materials (carbon and nitrogen) to the ecosystem.

3. Consumers
Herbivores: consumers that eat only plants ex: caterpillars, rabbits, and deer Carnivores: consumers that eat only animals. ex: wolves, walruses, and snakes Omnivores: consumers that eat both plants and animals ex: crows, bears, and humans Scavenger: a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms ex: catfish and vultures

4. How does energy move through an ecosystem?
Energy moves through an ecosystem when one organism eats another.
This movement can be shown as food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids.
Food Chain: a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy. Shows only one possible path
Food webs: Consists of many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem. Most producers and consumers are part of many food chains.
Energy Pyramids: shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.
The most energy is available at the producer leverl of the pyramid. As energy moves up the pyramid, each level has less energy available than the level below.
In general, only about 10% of the energy at one level of a food web is transferred to the next higher level.

5. Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Food Web
A food web consists of many interconnected
food chains.

6. Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Energy Pyramids
Suppose that the producers at the base of an energy pyramid contain 330,000 kilocalories. How much energy would be available at each level of the pyramid?