1. WWII The End of the War

2. How did WWII end in Europe?
Operation Overlord- Allied invasion of France. Also called D-Day.
Within a month 1 million Allied troops were stationed in Europe.
Germany is surrounded with the USSR to the east
Germany surrenders in 1945 after Hitler commits suicide.

3. Normandy Invasion (D-Day)
June 6, 1944
During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing North in Italy
Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton influential in leading attack
3 million ally troops to attack

9. D-DAY June 6, 1944

11. Normandy Invasion cont.
D – Day
Ø       60 mile stretch of beach
Ø       156,000 troops
Ø       4,000 landing craft
Ø       600 warships
Ø       11,000 planes
Ø       Largest land-sea-air operation in history
Ø       Omaha beach known as one of the most
brutal areas

13. Normandy Invasion cont.
The battle continues
 W/in 1 month, a million more troops
 September 1944, France was freed from
Nazi control

14. Yalta Conference Took place February 1945 before WWII was over
Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill met in Yalta in the Soviet Union to discuss post WWII
Set up United Nations

15. Yalta – “The Big 3”

16. April 12, 1945
At the beginning of his 4th Term, President Franklin D. Roosevelt passes away
The U.S. went through a major grieving period
Harry S. Truman, as Vice-President, takes the role as President

18. The End of Hitler
April 30, 1945 Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide (gun shot and cyanide)
Bodies burned in street
Cover of Time magazine May 7, 1945

19. V-E Day
May 8, 1945
General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third Reich
V-E day = Victory in Europe day
1st part of War was over

21. Potsdam
July – August 1945
Truman, (Churchill and then Clement Atlee) and Stalin met in Potsdam, Germany
Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany and eliminate the Nazi regime

22. Potsdam Continued
Divided Germany into 4 sections (occupied by France, Britain, U.S. and Soviet Union)
Berlin to be divided up in East (or Soviet Germany)
Set up the Nuremberg Trials to persecute Nazi leaders
Japan must “unconditionally surrender”

25. Potsdam, Germany

26. How did WWII end in Europe?
Allies divide Germany up between them.
This helps start the Cold War.
The Nuremburg Trials are held in Germany to try the people responsible for the war.
Many are executed and jailed for war crimes.

27. Nuremberg Trials International tribunal court tried Nazi officials
Over 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, Germany
12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to death
200 other officials were found guilty, but give lesser sentences

29. The Manhattan Project
US effort to build a new type of weapon that would unleash tremendous destructive energy by splitting uranium atoms – an “atomic bomb”
Led by Gen. Leslie Groves and researcher J. Robert Oppenheimer, the team produced 3 bombs
1 bomb was tested in the New Mexico desert, leaving just 2 bombs for military use
Bombs were code-named “Fat Man” and “Little Boy”

30. Harry S. Truman 1884 – 1972 (life) 1945 - 1953 (Pres.)
Became president upon FDR’s death
Truman now had to decide how to end the war – should the US mount an invasion of Japan, which would cost an estimated 1 million American lives or should it use the new atomic bomb, which would kill an unknown number of Japanese civilians and whose after-effects were still unknown?

33. Hiroshima
Japan was warned that unless they surrendered immediately and without conditions, they faced “prompt and utter destruction”
When the Japanese did not reply, orders were given to destroy the industrial city of Hiroshima
August 6, 1945: The B-29 Enola Gay dropped “Little Boy” on the city, destroying 76,000 buildings and killing over 120,000 people

37. Nagasaki
When the Japanese still did not surrender, the B-29 Bock’s Car dropped “Fat Man” on the port of Nagasaki, killing over 50,000 on August 9, 1945
On the same day, the Soviets declared war on Japan and began to prepare to enter the war in the Pacific

39. Japan Surrenders
Faced with destruction on an unforeseen scale (and unaware that the US had no more atomic bombs to use), Emperor Hirohito ordered his government to surrender unconditionally
Fighting stopped August 15, (“V-J Day”)
Formal surrender took place on September 2, 1945
As part of the terms of surrender, Japan was occupied by U.S. forces until Apr. 1952

41. Quick $$$ Facts War Costs US Debt 1940 - $9 Billion
WWII cost $330 billion – 10 times the cost of WWI & equivalent to all previous federal spending since 1776

42. Losses of the Major Wartime Powers in WWII, 1939-1945
Germany
4.5 million military
2 million civilian
Japan
2 million military
350,000 civilians
Italy
400,000 military
100,000 civilian
China
2.5 million military
7.4 million civilians
USSR
10 million military
10 million civilians
Great Britain
300,000 military
50,000 civilians
France
250,000 military
350,000 civilian
United States
274,000 military

43. WW II The Holocaust

44. The Wannsee Conference
Jan. 20, 1942
Nazi leaders met to determine the “final solution of the Jewish question”
Formalized the process for rounding up and exterminating the Jewish population of Europe through the use of concentration camps and deth camps

45. By the time the war was over, more than 12 million people had died in the concentration camps, about half of them Jews
The other half were a mix of other groups the Nazi’s considered “undesirable”: Gypsies, Poles, Russians, uncooperative Catholic priests, homosexuals, the mentally ill, & the physically or mentally handicapped
The Holocaust

46. What was the Holocaust? (Summary)
Nazi plan to kill all Jews.
Why? Hitler’s provided solution to Germany’s problems
6 million Jews murdered in camps in Europe.
5+ million others (gypsies, mentally ill, homosexuals)
Total of 11+ million exterminated
What is genocide?
Purposely trying to exterminate an entire group of people (ethnic, religious, racial).