1. Knights and the Code of Chivalry

2. Middle Age Europe
During the middle ages nobles were constantly fighting each other
a violent society that prized combat skills

3. Knights
Idea of warrior on horseback taken from Muslim invaders of the 700s
Lords granted land to knights in thanks for protection  provided income for the Knight
main obligation was to serve in battle
most of their time was spent training for battle  

4. Code of Chivalry A knight must fight bravely for his three masters:
1. feudal lord
2. his heavenly Lord
3. his chosen lady 
*otherwise face punishment  

5. Becoming a Knight
Page - 7 yrs old - noble boys sent to other castles to learn manners and strategy 
Squire - 14 yrs old - servant to the knight 
Knight - 21 yrs old - “I dub thee knight. Be valiant” 

6. More about Knights
Tournaments were used to fine tune their battle skills 
Literature of the time glorified knighthood and downplayed its violence

7. Role of Women Most were poor and powerless
Noble women could inherit her husband’s estate and even send his knights to war
Church viewed women as inferior

8. (1) Where did Charles Martel get the idea of knights as warriors?
Directions: Read chapter 13 section 3 then answer the following questions using your notes and textbook.
(1) Where did Charles Martel get the idea of knights as warriors?
From the Muslims invaders during the 700s (and the Magyars)

9. (2) What two things changed the technology of warfare in Europe during the 700s?
The Leather saddle and stirrups

10. (3) What did knights get in return for their military service?
Fiefs (land)

11. (4) How much combat did a knight usually face each year?
40 days per year

12. (5) What two activities typically helped knights build strength and practice their skills?
Wrestling and Hunting

13. (6) In your own words, define chivalry?
The conduct code that called for knights to fight bravely for their three masters (Feudal lord, Heavenly Lord, Chosen lady)

14. (7) What qualities did the ideal knight possess?
Loyal, brave and courteous

15. (8) What types of public shame would a cowardly knight face?
1st – Armor stripped off and his shield cracked
2nd – Spurs cut off and his sword broken over his head
3rd – Thrown into a coffin and dragged to church
4th – Mock funeral service led by the priest

16. (9) Describe what tournaments were like for medieval knights
Combined recreation and battle training. They were fierce and bloody contests that usually ended in currency exchanging hands

17. (10) Besides the Lord and his lady, who lived at the castle?
Knights
Trabadours

18. (11) Medieval castles were also defensive fortresses
(11) Medieval castles were also defensive fortresses. List at least 3 ways the castle was defended.
Boiling water, hot oil, and molten lead were poured on attackers
Archers fired armor piercing arrows.
Large walls
Moats

19. (12) Which siege weapons protected soldiers from the defensive tactics used by castle defenders?
Tortoise
Siege Tower
Mantlet
Covered Battering Rams

20. (13) Which siege weapons could be used to attack castle defenders on top and inside the walls?
Siege Tower
Battering Ram
Trebuchet
Mangonel
Scorpion

21. (14) How did medieval poetry and literature portray the castle, feudal, and knight life.
Downplayed the cruelty of warfare and romanticized the chivalry, castle life and real battles.

22. (15) What was the famous epic poem, The Song of Roland, about?
Courage, faith, and chivalry.
French soldiers who died while fighting off the Muslims during Charlemagne’s reign.

23. (16) In Medieval epic poetry, what two duties usually caused a conflict for the heroic knight?
A knight’s duty to his lady and his duty to his feudal lord.

24. (17) Which 12th century woman encouraged Troubadours to recite poems and songs in her castles?
Eleanor of Aquitaine

25. (18) How did the role of women change with the development of feudalism in Europe?
Noblewomen’s roles became limited to the home and the convent.
Life for peasant women continued to be confined to labor, having children, and taking care of the home.

26. (19) What types of duties would typically be performed by a peasant woman?
Endless labor, having children, and taking care of the home.

27. (20) What kinds of powers did a noblewoman have?
She could inherit land, send knights into battle, and lead the defense of her Husband’s castle.

28. (21) Small wall that shielded soldiers as they approached the castle walls
Mantlet

29. (22) A wheeled shelter that moved slowly and protected soldiers falling objects
Tortoise
Similar to the Greek Phalanx strategy

30. (23) Capable of launching a wide variety of objects over the castle walls
Trebuchet

31. (24) Propelled rocks into the castle walls from a greater distance than other siege weapons.
Mangonel

32. (25) A tall structure used to invade the top of the castle wall; it supported soldiers and weapons
Siege Tower

33. CATAPULT—A counterweight on the lever arm powers this catapult
CATAPULT—A counterweight on the lever arm powers this catapult. The arm is brought down with a winch, raising the counterweight. The projectile is loaded into the cup at the end of the arm and then the securing line is released, allowing gravity to power the projectile toward the enemy.

34. SCORPION—This bow weapon designed like a giant crossbow used the power stored in multiple drawn bows to fire a long projectile great distances.