1. Online Session 2.1: Approaches, guidance and setting‐up coordination
Friday, 17 May 2019
10h00 – 11h30 (Geneva time)
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2. In todays webinar Basic understanding of needs assessments
Approaches and guidance
Coordinated Assessment Life cycle
Setting-up coordination

3. Basic understanding

4. Assumption
Evidence
Reality
Decision
Facts
Perception

5. What is Information gap?
Information required
Information available
Information gap
The information gap will be large at the beginning of an emergency, while at the same time the pressure to take action and the need for information will be high. As time goes by, more and more information will be available, and less information will be required.
As we will see later, this dynamic will guide our choice of assessment methodology.
Information need
Time 5

7. What is a need? Gap defining need Response defining need A lack of…
A deficiency in…
A problem of…
An issue related to…
A gap in…
A shortage of…
Preferred state
Actual state
IDPs are thirsty and have much less water available to them than before they were displaced and hygiene conditions bad compare to resident population.
Gap defining need
Unmet
Needs
The concept of need is often misused, and it is important to agree on its meaning before going further in this course.
CLICK 1: In this graph, the need is the difference between the preferred state following humanitarian relief, recovery, or defined development goals, and the actual observed or measured state that the affected population is currently in.
CLICK 2: Fundamentally, you can identify a need where there is evidence or report of a deficit, a deficiency, a lack, a gap, a problem, an issue, a shortage, etc.…
It is important to mention this because people often confuse “need”, the absence of something, with “need” , the provision of something.
CLICK 3: For example, in the sentence IDPs need psychosocial support and access to protected water sources, and attend weekly hygiene session, need is being defined by a potential response. No shortage or gap has been expressed.
CLICK 4: In contrast, in this sentence, IDPs are thirsty and have much less water available than before they were displaced, the gap is clearly expressed, and we can see a real need.
You must always distinguish between “need” as problem and “need” as response.
IDPs need psychosocial support and access to protected water sources, and attend weekly hygiene sessions.
Response defining need

8. Needs Assessment basics
Scope and Information gap
Design (methodology – Representative/non-representative)
Analysis plan – key questions to be answered
Baseline
Collect
Secondary data
Primary data
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Measure
Estimation
Aggregation/ Disaggregation
Analysis

9. Approaches & Guidance

10. Types of Coordinated Assessments

11. Types of Needs Assessment
What type of assessment is needed given the situation: initial, rapid, or in-depth?
Initial Assessments
Rapid Assessments
In-depth Assessments
Define scale and severity of the crisis.
Estimate People Affected.
Identify and locate affected populations and groups.
Establish key priorities.
Define access constraints.
Define impact of crisis.
Estimate People in Need by population groups.
Severity of needs of (affected groups) and areas.
Capture views of different groups of affected populations through consultation.
Establish key priorities with affected populations.
Identify information gaps.
Define and quantify needs including more in-depth sectoral and operational information.
Provide detailed and statistically representative data.
Capture representative views of affected populations (including subgroups and vulnerable groups) through joint consultation with them.
Establish baseline for needs and response monitoring

12. Example: Cyclical crisis
What type of assessment is needed given the situation: initial, rapid, or in-depth?
Example: Cyclical crisis

13. What type of assessment is needed given the situation: initial, rapid, or in-depth?
Example: Slow-onset

14. Example: Unpredictable conflict or complex emergency
What type of assessment is needed given the situation: initial, rapid, or in-depth?
Example: Unpredictable conflict or complex emergency

15. Example: Sudden-onset
What type of assessment is needed given the situation: initial, rapid, or in-depth?
Phase 1
Secondary Data Review
Collect pre and in crisis data
Analysis on secondary data
Output = Situation Analysis
Phase 2
Primary Data Collection
Key informant interviews
Direct observation
Output = MIRA Report
Phase 3-4
Sectoral assessments
Post Disaster Needs Assessment
Monitoring
Yearly Strategic Response Plan)
Example: Sudden-onset
MIRA

16. Setting-up Coordination
Coordinated Assessment Lifecycle

17. Coordinated Needs Assessment Life Cycle

18. Understanding of context and enabling factors

19. Setting-up Coordination: Understanding of context and enabling factors
Understanding of current context

20. Setting-up Coordination: Understanding of context and enabling factors
Coordination structures, understanding the dynamics and stakeholders and decision makers influence

21. Setting-up Coordination: Understanding of context and enabling factors
Understanding of existing information management, assessment and monitoring mechanisms and systems.

22. Establishing coordination

23. Setting-up Coordination: Establishing coordination
Leadership taking lead in defining scope and key decision making
Assessment Coordinator or Assessment focal points from Clusters
Assessment Coordinator and Cluster Assessment focal points
(IASC Guidance on Coordinated Assessment 2012, MIRA Guidance 2015 revision)

24. Setting-up Coordination: Establishing coordination
Establishing assessment coordination structure
Inter-Cluster Coordinator (OCHA)
Cluster Coordinators
from different clusters
Assessment and Information Management
working group or Information Management Working Group
(IASC Guidance on Coordinated Assessment 2012)
Inter-Cluster Coordination Group/meeting

25. Determining current state of needs assessments

26. Setting-up Coordination: Determining current state of needs assessments
Before starting the discussion on Coordinated Assessments, try to determine the state of Coordinated Assessment.
Establish Assessment registry and analyze the current assessments gaps.
Use data sharing agreements and protocols to promote sharing of data by partners.
Registry of indicators collected by sectors and partners

27. Global Assessment Registry

28. Questions – Clarifications - Feedback