1. Modernization of Japan

2. Objectives
Explain how problems in Japanese society and the opening of Japan to other countries led to the Meiji Restoration.
Describe the main reforms under the Meiji government.
Analyze the factors contributing to Japan’s drive for empire.

3. Terms and People
Matthew Perry – the U.S. Navy commodore who led a fleet of ships into Tokyo Bay in and demanded that Japan open its ports
Tokyo – the new “eastern capital” named in 1867, when Emperor Mutsuhito was restored to power and took the name Meiji
Meiji Restoration – the reign of Emperor Meiji, which lasted from 1868 to 1912, during which Japan learned about the West and modernized
Diet – a legislature

4. Terms and People (continued)
zaibatsu – powerful banking and industrial families of Japan
homogeneous society – a society in which all people share a common culture and language
First Sino-Japanese War – a war between Japan and China that broke out in 1894 due to competition between the two powers in Korea
Russo-Japanese War – a war between Russia and Japan that began in 1904 and in which Japan gained control of Korea and rights in parts of Manchuria

5. How did Japan become a modern industrial power, and what did it do with its new strength?
When the United States sent a naval force to Japan in to force it to open ports to trade, Japan decided to end its policy of seclusion.
This decision led to the transformation of Japan into a modern industrial power and imperialist nation.

6. Shogun—Supreme Military dictator Emperor had little power
Daimyo-noble warlords who served the Shogun
Samurai-warriors who served the daimyo
A growing middle class of merchants had no place in feudal society
Peasants—Poor farmers who worked the land for the nobility

7. 1603--For more than 200 years, Japan had developed in isolation.
Isolationism: a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests affairs of other countries.
1603--For more than 200 years, Japan had developed in isolation.
The Tokugawa shoguns restored centralized feudalism and closed Japan to foreigners.
Discontent grew as the daimyo and lesser samurai suffered financial hardship.
Corruption became common. 7

8. What hardships did the Daimyo face after 200 years of isolation?
What made the Merchants resentful?
What hardships did the Peasants face?
Why were the Samurai unhappy?

9. What was the purpose of President McKinley’s letter?
The Treaty of Kanagawa:
Shogun agreed to open 2 ports to American ships
US Soon won trading rights including extraterritoriality

10. What event does this print by Yoshitoshi Taiso illustrate?
How did this external threat lead to the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate?

11. Treaty of Kanagawa
In 1853, a U.S. fleet commanded by _________ arrived in Tokyo Bay to demand that Japan open its ports to trade.
In The shogun opened two ports, and later granted trading rights to the United States. European nations soon won similar concessions.
The _______ heard of the British victory over China in the Opium War and knew that the West would soon reach Japan.
shoguns
Matthew Perry

12. The Japanese felt humiliated by the terms of these unequal treaties with the West.
Some criticized the shogun for not taking a stronger stand against the foreigners.
Foreign pressures deepened continuing social and economic unrest.

14. Discontented daimyo and samurai staged a revolt in 1867 and unseated the shogun.
The 15-year-old emperor Mutsuhito was restored to power and took the name ________.
Meiji
The emperor moved the capital from Kyoto to Edo, which was renamed _______.
Tokyo
His long reign was called the _______________. It lasted from 1868 until 1912.
Meiji Restoration

15. The goal of the Meiji Restoration was summarized by the motto “A rich country, a strong military.”
To reach this goal, leaders under Emperor Meiji decided to study Western ways.
Members of the Japanese government traveled overseas in to learn about Western economies and technologies.
Emperor Meiji

16. Political Reforms

17. Economic Reforms

18. The Meiji Transformation
Meiji reformers wanted to end the feudal order and create an industrial economy.
They formed a _________ -- a legislature to supervise finance, education, and the military.
They made the economy a priority, building factories and then selling them to wealthy business families called _______________.
Diet
zaibatsu

19. These changes were very effective
These changes were very effective. By the 1890s, industry had grown rapidly in Japan.
One reason Japan modernized so quickly was that it had a strong sense of national identity and a _________________.
homogenous society

20. Social Reforms
Results

21. The government set up schools and the constitution ended legal distinctions between the classes.
However, class distinctions did survive, and women continued to have a secondary role in society.
Reforms led to changes in Japanese society.

22. Russo-Japanese War 1905: Japan defeated Russian troops and almost destroyed Navy.
Treaty of Portsmouth- Japan gained control of Korea and rights in parts of Manchuria
First Sino-Japanese War 1895: Japan won the Island of Taiwan from China

23. As Japan became stronger economically, its leaders began to desire an empire.
As a small island nation, Japan needed resources. It looked to Korea first and forced the peninsula to open its ports to Japan in 1876.
Competition between China and Japan for control of Korea resulted in the __________________ which Japan won easily.
First Sino-Japanese War
Next, Japan challenged Russia, its other rival in the region. The ____________________ ended in 1905 with a Japanese victory.
Russo-Japanese War

24. Japan took control of Korea, imposing harsh rule.
Japan made Korea a protectorate, then annexed it in 1910.
Japan modernized Korea and set out to erase the Korean language and identity.
Japanese repression of Korean culture bred nationalist resentment.
Japan brutally crushed a nonviolent protest that began on March 1, ______________________ became a symbol of Korean nationalism.
The March First Movement