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Chapter 4 - Part I Constitutional Act -1791

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1 Chapter 4 - Part I Constitutional Act -1791

2 I. Introduction: Goal: To satisfy the demands of the loyalists and maintain the loyalty of the Canadiens Liberal ideas began circulating in the colony of Quebec in the 17th & 18th century Loyalists arrived in the colony and joined the British merchants in demanding British institutions and a legislative assembly Liberalism: An ideology that promotes freedom, equality, freedom of expression, political freedom, freedom of religion

3 Ottawa River separated Upper Lower Canada
II. Territorial Change: The territory of the province was split into two: Upper Canada & Lower Canada French English Ottawa River separated Upper Lower Canada

4 Lower Canada Upper Canada Approximately 160 000 people
French, Catholic majority French civil & British criminal code Township System & Seigneurial System Legislative Assembly (primarily French) Upper Canada Approximately people English, Protestant majority British civil & criminal code Township System Legislative Assembly (primarily English)

5 III. Political Changes – Parliamentary System:
Constitutional Monarchy: King/Queen’s powers are limited by a constitution Britain reorganized the political system of the colony Modeled after the mother country’s constitutional monarchy, it was the foundation of the parliamentary system in the colony Parliamentarism: A political system - elected or appointed representatives form a parliament to discuss or vote on laws

6 The organization of Lower Canada and Upper Canada
British Government Sovereign and Cabinet Ministers Legend Appointed Elected GREAT BRITAIN Secretary of State for the Colonies Governor General Executive Council Legislative Council Executive Council Legislative Council LOWER CANADA UPPER CANADA Legislative Assembly Legislative Assembly Electorate Electorate

7 IV. Roles in the Government:
Governor Appointed by the British King Veto power over any bill (power to reject a law) Can dissolve the legislative assembly Executive Council Appointed by the Governor Advised the Governor Implemented laws

8 Legislative Council: Appointed by the Governor veto power - approved or rejected laws proposed by the assembly Legislative Assembly: Elected by the people Right to vote was reserved for British subjects aged 21 or over who owned property Introduced and approved laws

9 V. Shortcomings of the Representative Government:
The appointed Governor & legislative council could veto any laws created the assembly had no power The governor could dissolve the assembly Only certain people were allowed to vote All members of the government with power (governor & councils) were appointed.

10 Page 198, document 11 Page 198, document 12
Not everyone had the right to vote - citizens had to meet certain criteria Page 198, document 12 In an election ad, Pierre Planet is addressing the electors in hopes of gaining their vote

11 Governor’s Authority The influence of the legislative assembly was limited, since all bills had to be passed through the legislative council and governor for approval Governor Veto power over any bill (power to reject a law) Approved bills receive royal assent and pass into laws Can dissolve the legislative assembly Executive Council Adopts provisions required for a law to be implemented Legislative Council Approves or amends a bill Rejected/Amended bills are returned to the Legislative Assembly Legislative Assembly Elected by the people Introduced and approved laws

12 III. First Parliamentary Struggles
There were several heated issues in the assembly: Choosing the language of the speaker Language used in the assembly Prison financing – what should be taxed property or imported goods The conflict led to the creation of two political parties: Parti Canadien & the British Party

13 Page 200, document 15 Page 202, Document 18
The painting portrays the debate over language in the legislative assembly Page 202, Document 18 Newspapers were used to inform and influence the public – Quebec Mercury The Anglophones in the colony expressed their fear of losing the English language amongst a French majority in the colony

14 Page 203, Document 19 Coffee houses were used to discuss political opinions expressed in newspapers

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