1. Exploration and Worldwide trade
Chapter 12 Lesson 3
Exploration and Worldwide trade

2. Bellringer: Friday
1. How were the methods used by Cortes and Pizzaro to conquer Native Americans different?
2. What factors helped Cortes defeat the Aztec?
3. Why do you think the Spanish conquered the Aztec and the Inca instead of trading with them for gold and other resources?

3. Settling the Americas
Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas 
Other Countries do not accept the treaty 
1500
Spanish and Portuguese build settlements 
1600’s
The French, English and Dutch establish settlements

4. Spain’s American Empire
North America, South America, Caribbean
Viceroys governed in place of the royals
Goals
Bring wealth back to Spain 
Convert natives to Christianity 
Plantations, gold and silver mines, Missions
Used Native Americans for labor 
Disease began to kill the labor force 
Started using African slaves instead
This created a new culture 

5. Portuguese Brazil 1500 Brazil claimed for the Portuguese by Cabral
Cash Crops – Crop grown in large quantities to be sold for proffit
Sugarcane
Tobacco
Coffee
Cotton
Used African slaves and became very profitable 

6. The French
1600’s
Fur trade is the main reason the French settled North America 
Beaver has become very popular in Europe
French set up trading post 
Samuel de Champlain set up trading post named Quebec 
Jesuits sent to teach Christianity 
1673
La Salle claimed land for France and named it Louisiana after the King

7. England's Colonies in North America
Natural Resources 
Reason for coming to America
Trade
Religious Freedom
Virginia Company founded the first permanent settlement
Jamestown
Struggled economically until tobacco saved the settlement 

8. Crops to Sell Tobacco was popular in Europe
Became the first cash crop for the English
Started growing on large plantations that used slaves 
Rice and Indigo (dye producing plant)
South Carolina
Sugar Cane
Caribbean islands such as Jamaica 

9. Dutch Traders
Netherlands won independence from Spain became known as the dutch 
Believed trade was key to survival
1600’s was the golden age for the Netherlands 
Southeast asia, and North America
Henry Hudson claimed land in North America for the Dutch
1621 Dutch traders established settlements in North America
Manhattan 

10. World Trade Changes As Empire developed trade developed
Between homeland and their settlements 
1600
European nations were competing for markets and trade goods 

11. What is Mercantilism Countries power depends on its wealth
Gold and Silver 
Exports over Imports 
Should establish clolnies 
Raw materials shipped to home country where they manufacture goods

12. What is Mercantilism
Europeans established trading post in Asia and North America
Spain in Phillipines
English and French in India
Dutch in Java – Indonesia
Guns and ships helped Europeans defeat Arab and Indian Armies
Europeans forced Asia to open up lands 
Japan used guns to defeat the Samurai

13. Joint Stock Companies
In the 1600’s Europeans developed new business methods
Commercial Revolution
Commerce – Buying and selling of goods in large quantities over long distances 
Entrepreneur – invest money into a project to make money on the success 
Many projects were to large for one person to pay for
Joint Stock Companies – many people invested to share in the profits and failures 

14. Cottage Industry 1600’s Artisans and guilds became to expensive
Began hiring peasants to make goods especially wool cloth in their homes 
Cottage industry system used small house where peasants lived and worked called cottages 

15. Global Exchange Trade expanded
Exchange of people, goods , technology, ideas and disease began
Food from the Americas
Corn and Potatoes became essential for daily life 
Squash, beans , tomatoes, Chocolate
Food to the Americas from Europe
Wheat, oats, barley, rye, and rice
Coffee, tropical fruits,
Animals to the Americas
Pigs, sheep, cattle, chickens, and horses
Slaves and Diseases to the Americas