1. Proteinuria and hypertension with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Praveen Kandula, Rajiv Agarwal 
Kidney International 
Volume 80, Issue 12, Pages (December 2011)
DOI: /ki
Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Postulated mechanisms for the development of proteinuria and hypertension with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs, by inhibiting nitric oxide production in the endothelium, increase vascular resistance and cause hypertension. By inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TKIs reduce nephrin production. Nephrin is important to maintain the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and its reduced production can lead to proteinuria. Renal damage can cause hypertension and hypertension can aggravate proteinuria.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /ki )
Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
An algorithm for screening and management of proteinuria and hypertension with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; HTN, hypertension; UA, urinalysis. See text for details.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /ki )
Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions